Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile 进入 Alpha 阶段

Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) 是由 JetBrains 创建的跨平台移动开发 SDK，它应用了 Kotlin 的多平台功能，开发者能够使用它在移动应用中共享业务逻辑，具体来说是可通过 KMM 在 iOS 和 Android 应用中使用相同的业务逻辑代码。

KMM 现在为 Android Studio 提供了新的 KMM 插件，允许开发者在同一个 IDE 中编写、运行、测试和调试共享代码。

因此，开发者不再需要切换 IDE 并运行 Xcode 来检查代码是否在两个平台上都能正常运行。使用新插件，可以直接在 Android Studio 中与 iOS 设备和模拟器集成，对于应用程序和测试，都可以在 iOS 上设置断点并调试代码。

同时，由于 Kotlin/Native 与 Objective-C/Swift 的互操作性、集成 CocoaPods 依赖管理器，以及具备调用平台部分特有 API（expect/actual 模式）的能力，KMM 提供了与 iOS 开发的紧密集成。

开发者能够将 KMM 与移动开发项目无缝集成。用 Kotlin 编写的共享代码可以通过 Kotlin/JVM 被编译成 JVM 字节码，通过 Kotlin/Native 被编译成原生二进制文件，因此开发者可以像使用其他常见的移动开发库一样使用 KMM 业务逻辑模块。

Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile Goes Alpha

Posted on August 31, 2020 by Ekaterina Petrova

Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) is an SDK that allows you to use the same business logic code in both iOS and Android applications. Today KMM goes Alpha, and you can start sharing business logic in your mobile apps with it right away. It includes the new KMM Plugin for Android Studio, which allows you to write, run, test, and debug shared code in the same IDE. Join such great teams as VMWare, Autodesk, and Yandex who are sharing code in their mobile apps using Kotlin. Reusing code between mobile platforms has never been so easy!

Multiplatform programming

This is how Kotlin Multiplatform works.

• Common Kotlin includes the language, core libraries, and basic tools. Code written in common Kotlin works everywhere on all platforms.

• With Kotlin Multiplatform libraries, you can reuse the multiplatform logic in common and platform-specific code. Common code can rely on a set of libraries that cover everyday tasks such as HTTP, serialization, and managing coroutines.

• To interop with platforms, use platform-specific versions of Kotlin. Platform-specific versions of Kotlin (Kotlin/JVM, Kotlin/JS, Kotlin/Native) include extensions to the Kotlin language, and platform-specific libraries and tools.

• Through these platforms you can access the platform native code (JVM, JS, and Native) and leverage all native capabilities.

With Kotlin Multiplatform, spend less time on writing and maintaining the same code for different platforms – just share it using the mechanisms Kotlin provides:

• Share code among all platforms used in your project. Use it for sharing the common business logic that applies to all platforms.

• 

• Share code among some platforms included in your project but not all. Do this when you can reuse much of the code in similar platforms.

• 

If you need to access platform-specific APIs from the shared code, use the Kotlin mechanism of expected and actual declarations.

With this mechanism, a common source set defines an expected declaration, and platform source sets must provide the actual declaration that corresponds to the expected declaration. This works for most Kotlin declarations, such as functions, classes, interfaces, enumerations, properties, and annotations.

//Common

expect fun randomUUID(): String

//Android

import java.util.*

actual fun randomUUID() = UUID.randomUUID().toString()

//iOS

import platform.Foundation.NSUUID

actual fun randomUUID(): String = NSUUID().UUIDString()

Use cases

Android — iOS

Sharing code between mobile platforms is one of the major Kotlin Multiplatform use cases. With Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM), you can build multiplatform mobile applications sharing code, such as business logic, connectivity, and more, between Android and iOS.

See KMM features, case studies and examples

Client — Server

Another scenario when code sharing may bring benefits is a connected application where the logic can be reused on both the server and the client side running in the browser. This is covered by Kotlin Multiplatform as well.

The Ktor framework is suitable for building asynchronous servers and clients in connected systems.

What's next?

New to Kotlin? Visit Getting started with Kotlin.

Documentation

• Get started with Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM)

• Create a multiplatform project

• Share code on multiple platforms

• Connect to platform-specific APIs

Tutorials

• Creating a KMM application shows how to create a mobile application that works on Android and iOS with the help of the KMM plugin for Android Studio. Create, run, and test your first multiplatform mobile application.

• Creating a multiplatform Kotlin library teaches how to create a multiplatform library available for JVM, JS, and Native and which can be used from any other common code (for example, shared with Android and iOS). It also shows how to write tests which will be executed on all platforms and use an efficient implementation provided by a specific platform.

• Building a full stack web app with Kotlin Multiplatform teaches the concepts behind building an application that targets Kotlin/JVM and Kotlin/JS by building a client-server application that makes use of shared code, serialization, and other multiplatform paradigms. It also provides a brief introduction to working with Ktor both as a server- and client-side framework.

Sample projects

• Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile samples

• KotlinConf app

• KotlinConf Spinner app

参考资料：

https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/multiplatform.html

https://kotlinlang.org/lp/mobile/

https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/mobilecrossplatform/