内容：
1. Servlet
2. HTTP协议
3. Request
Servlet：
1. 概念
2. 步骤
3. 执行原理
4. 生命周期
5. Servlet3.0 注解配置
*以上查看[https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43531919/article/details/107955080]
7. Servlet的体系结构
Servlet -- 接口
|
GenericServlet -- 抽象类
|
HttpServlet -- 抽象类
* GenericServlet：将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现，只将service()方法作为抽象
* 将来定义Servlet类时，可以继承GenericServlet，实现service()方法即可
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2.....");
}
}
* HttpServlet：对http协议的一种封装，简化操作
1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
2. 复写doGet/doPost方法
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doGet....");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doPost...");
}
}
8. Servlet相关配置
1. urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 ： @WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
2. 路径定义规则：
1. /xxx：路径匹配
2. /xxx/xxx:多层路径，目录结构
3. *.do：扩展名匹配
4. /*
/**
* Servlet路径配置
*/
//@WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
//@WebServlet("/user/demo4")
//@WebServlet("/user/*")
//@WebServlet("/*")
@WebServlet("*.do")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo4...");
System.out.println(req);
}
}
HTTP：
* 概念：Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
* 传输协议：定义了，客户端和服务器端通信时，发送数据的格式
* 特点：
1. 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
2. 默认端口号:80
3. 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
4. 无状态的：每次请求之间相互独立，不能交互数据
* 历史版本：
* 1.0：每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
* 1.1：复用连接
* 请求消息数据格式
1. 请求行
请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本
GET /login.html HTTP/1.1
* 请求方式：
* HTTP协议有7中请求方式，常用的有2种
* GET：
1. 请求参数在请求行中，在url后。
2. 请求的url长度有限制的
3. 不太安全
* POST：
1. 请求参数在请求体中
2. 请求的url长度没有限制的
3. 相对安全
2. 请求头：客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
* 常见的请求头：
1. User-Agent：浏览器告诉服务器，我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
* 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息，解决浏览器的兼容性问题
2. Referer：http://localhost/login.html
* 告诉服务器，我(当前请求)从哪里来？
* 作用：
1. 防盗链：
2. 统计工作：
3. 请求空行
空行，就是用于分割POST请求的请求头，和请求体的。
4. 请求体(正文)：
* 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
* 字符串格式：
POST /login.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
username=zhangsan
* 响应消息数据格式
Request：
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构：
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat实现)
3. request功能：
1. 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法：
1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 ： http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI：统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
* String getRemoteAddr()
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo01")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
//3. 获取Servlet路径: /RequestDemo01
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//5.(*)获取请求URI：/day14/RequestDemo01
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURI);
System.out.println(requestURL);//http://localhost/day14/RequestDemo01
//6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//7. 获取客户机的IP地址：127.0.0.1(这里是本地)
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法：
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//2.遍历
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
}
}
}
结果：
host---localhost
user-agent---Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:79.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/79.0
accept---text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/ *;q=0.8
accept-language---zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
accept-encoding---gzip, deflate
connection---keep-alive
cookie---JSESSIONID=76FE63F52F35759669BF2FE47B6B9B35; Idea-d79e27c6=81701047-0ca2-4ac0-8f6d-8fe5835962f8; goSessionid=LX_aLkzZcB-ooCnYi0RVeATWzQkcA13Vahn-61YxjMg%3D
upgrade-insecure-requests---1
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
//谷歌
System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐
System.out.println("火狐来了...");
}
}
}
防盗链案例
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class
RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html
//防盗链
if(referer != null ){
if(referer.contains("/day14")){
//正常访问
// System.out.println("播放电影....");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
}else{
//盗链
//System.out.println("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
}
}
}
}
3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体：只有POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤：
1. 获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据
* ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体--请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);//username=dpx&password=1234
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day14/requestDemo5" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2. 其他功能：
1. 获取请求参数通用方式：不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post 获取请求参数
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
/* System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);*/ //zhangsan
//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
/*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby); //game study
}*/
//获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
/*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("----------------");
}*/
// 获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keyset) {
//获取键获取值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value : values) {
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("-----------------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day14/requestDemo6" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
* 中文乱码问题：
* get方式：tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式：会乱码
* 解决：在获取参数前，设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置流的编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//编码方式和html页面上一样
//获取请求参数username
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
2. 请求转发：一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
1. 步骤：
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
2. (**)特点：
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
3. 共享数据：
* 域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据
* request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法：
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo8888被访问了。。。");
//转发到demo9资源
//存储数据到request域中
request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
//request.getRequestDispatcher("http://www.itcast.cn").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取数据
Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
System.out.println("demo9999被访问了。。。");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
结果：
demo8888被访问了。。。
hello
demo9999被访问了。。。
4. 获取ServletContext：
* ServletContext getServletContext()
@WebServlet("/requestDemo10")
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
