动静分离是根据一定规则把静态文件（html、css、js、jpg等）和动态文件（后台应用）区分开来，采用静态文件和动态文件分开部署，以提高用户访问静态文件的速度，降低对后台应用的访问，提高服务器响应速度和性能。静态文件有Nginx服务器处理，直接获取磁盘文件，动态文件转发到应用服务器中处理。
Nginx的静态处理能力很强，但是动态处理能力不足，因此，在企业中常用动静分离技术
针对PHP的动静分离
静态页面交给Nginx处理
动态页面交给PHP-FPM模块或Apache处理
在Nginx的配置中，是通过location配置段配合正则匹配实现静态与动态页面的不同处理方式
两台服务器做动静分离
一台搭建LAMP，IP地址为192.168.110.15
一台搭建Nginx，IP地址为192.168.110.10
搭建LAMP架构
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd httpd-devel -y
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-libs mariadb-devel -y
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
...
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php-mysql -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap curl curl-devel php-bcmath
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd.service
更改首页
Nginx安装
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install gcc \
gcc-c++ \
make \
pcre-devel \
expat-devel \
perl \
zlib-devel \
pcre
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$PROG
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# yum install elinks.x86_64 -y
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# elinks http://192.168.110.10
进入Nginx界面
按q退出
访问正常Ngnx
无法访问php
配置动静分离
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#修改59-61行动静分离模板
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.110.15; #指向动态处理的服务器
}
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
动态请求转向Apache服务器
静态请求还是Nginx处理
一台服务器基于不同端口做动静分离
192.168.110.10这台服务器搭建LAMP架构，Nginx做动静分离
80端口为Nginx静态页面，8080端口为Apache做动态页面
修改Apache主配置文件
[root@localhost opt]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 192.168.110.10:8080 #修改监听端口
#Listen 80
...
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php #指向php首页
</IfModule>
...
#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
[root@localhost opt]# systemctl restart httpd
配置静态分离
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim //usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.110.10:8080; #指向Apache站点
}
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
