RIP
定义：是一种内部网关协议（IGP），是一种动态路由选择协议，用于自治系统（AS）内的路由信息的传递。RIP协议基于距离矢量算法
基本概念：RIP协议采用距离向量算法，在实际使用中已经较少适用。在默认版本是v1，RIP进程使用UDP的520端口来发送和接收RIP分组。RIP分组每隔30s以广播的形式发送一次，定期更新，为了防止出现“广播风暴”，其后续的分组将做随机延时后发送。在RIP中，如果一个路由在180s内未被刷新，则相应的距离就被设定成无穷大，并从路由表中删除该表项。
分类：ripv1，ripv2
区别： ripv1：有类别路由协议，广播更新（255.255.255.255），有环路问题，不支持vlsm ，没有认证功能，没有手工汇总功能，对路由没有标记功能。
ripv2:无类别路由协议，组播更新，支持vlsm，有认证功能，可以手工汇总，可以对路由做标记。
注：因为ripv1有环路问题才衍生出了ripv2
这里我们就要说一下主类网络边界了，主类网络边界就是两个不同的主类网络之间的网段，ripv1在跨越主类网络边界的路由器会自动把路由汇总成主类显示，把汇总功能关闭就是ripv2了，而且ripv2没有环路问题。
如何解决环路问题----水平分割 ：指的是从一个接口学习到路由信息，不在从这个接口发送出去，同时也能减少路由更新信息占用的链路带宽资源。
下面就我就用rip在拓扑图上是如何实现的！
《Huawei》
（R1）
undo ter
undo terminal mo
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
（防止打着打着冒出系统提示信息影响自己）
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]user-int
[R1]user-interface co
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idle-t
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
（这里也是防止连接超时）
[R1-ui-console0]quit
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ping 10.1.1.2
PING 10.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms
— 10.1.1.2 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/36/50 ms
（这里可以看出和R1直连的R2是可以通行的）
[R1]ping 172.16.1.3
PING 172.16.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
— 172.16.1.3 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss
（这里没有和R1直连的R3就不通,R4也是一样就没有打出来）
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
Error: The specified network already exists in the process.
[R1-rip-1]quit
[R1]ping 172.16.1.3
PING 172.16.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=60 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=10 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=90 ms
— 172.16.1.3 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/50/90 ms
（进入rip，宣告自己的网段是10.0.0.0，这样和R1直连的R2也知道了。就是这样每个路由器都宣告自己的网段，所有的路由器不仅知道直连的，也知道其他的路由器，所以就全网互通了。）
[R1]dis
[R1]display ip ro
[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.0.0/16 RIP 100 1 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
R1-rip-1]vers
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]undo s
[R1-rip-1]undo summary
[R1-rip-1]quit
[R1]dis
[R1]display ip ro
[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.1.1.0/24 RIP 100 2 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
R2
<Huawei
undo ter
undo terminal mo
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]user-in
[R2]user-interface co
[R2]user-interface console 0
[R2-ui-console0]idle-t
[R2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R2-ui-console0]quit
[R2]
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo ip add 172.16.1.2 24
Error: The specified primary address does not exist.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]ping 10.1.1.1
PING 10.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms
— 10.1.1.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/38/60 ms
[R2]ping 172.16.1.3
PING 172.16.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=80 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms
— 172.16.1.3 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/36/80 ms
[R2]net
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]net
[R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]net
[R2-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R2-rip-1]quit
[R2]dis
[R2]display ro
[R2]display routi
[R2]display arp ro
[R2]display ip ro
[R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 172.16.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 172.16.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
172.16.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]vers
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]undo s
[R2-rip-1]undo summary
[R2-rip-1]quit
[R2]
R3
<Huawei
undo ter
undo terminal mo
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]user-in
[R3]user-interface co
[R3]user-interface console 0
[R3-ui-console0]idle-t
[R3-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R3-ui-console0]quit
[R3]
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]ping 12.1.1.4
PING 12.1.1.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 12.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 12.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 12.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 12.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 12.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms
— 12.1.1.4 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/50 ms
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]net
[R3-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R3-rip-1]net
[R3-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]quit
[R3]dis
[R3]display arp ro
[R3]display ip ro
[R3]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 172.16.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
12.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 172.16.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
172.16.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]vers
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]undo s
[R3-rip-1]undo summary
[R3-rip-1]quit
[R3]
R4
undo ter
undo terminal mo
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
system
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]user-in
[R4]user-interface co
[R4]user-interface console 0
[R4-ui-console0]idle-t
[R4-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R4-ui-console0]quit
[R4]
[R4]
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]rip
[R4-rip-1]net
[R4-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]quit
[R4]dis
[R4]display ip ro
[R4]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 D 12.1.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.4 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.1.1.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.0.0/16 RIP 100 1 D 12.1.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
[R4]rip
[R4-rip-1]vers
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]undo s
[R4-rip-1]undo summary
[R4-rip-1]quit
[R4]
实验结束