1、Sqlserver基础知识

1.1、创建数据库

创建数据库有两种方式，手动创建和编写sql脚本创建，在这里我采用脚本的方式创建一个名称为TSQLFundamentals2008的数据库。

新建数据库zhang

右键数据库zhang，点击新建查询

创建Schemas（架构）

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Create Schemas
---------------------------------------------------------------------

CREATE SCHEMA HR AUTHORIZATION dbo;
GO
CREATE SCHEMA Production AUTHORIZATION dbo;
GO
CREATE SCHEMA Sales AUTHORIZATION dbo;
GO

创建表：

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Create Tables
---------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Create table HR.Employees.
CREATE TABLE HR.Employees
(
  empid           INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  lastname        NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  firstname       NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
  title           NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  titleofcourtesy NVARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
  birthdate       DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  hiredate        DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  address         NVARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
  city            NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  region          NVARCHAR(15) NULL,
  postalcode      NVARCHAR(10) NULL,
  country         NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  phone           NVARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
  mgrid           INT          NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Employees PRIMARY KEY(empid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Employees_Employees FOREIGN KEY(mgrid)
    REFERENCES HR.Employees(empid),
  CONSTRAINT CHK_birthdate CHECK(birthdate <= CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_lastname ON HR.Employees(lastname);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_postalcode ON HR.Employees(postalcode);

-- Create table Production.Suppliers
CREATE TABLE Production.Suppliers
(
  supplierid   INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  companyname  NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  contactname  NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  contacttitle NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  address      NVARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
  city         NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  region       NVARCHAR(15) NULL,
  postalcode   NVARCHAR(10) NULL,
  country      NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  phone        NVARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
  fax          NVARCHAR(24) NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Suppliers PRIMARY KEY(supplierid)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_companyname ON Production.Suppliers(companyname);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_postalcode  ON Production.Suppliers(postalcode);

-- Create table Production.Categories
CREATE TABLE Production.Categories
(
  categoryid   INT           NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  categoryname NVARCHAR(15)  NOT NULL,
  description  NVARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Categories PRIMARY KEY(categoryid)
);

CREATE INDEX categoryname ON Production.Categories(categoryname);

-- Create table Production.Products
CREATE TABLE Production.Products
(
  productid    INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  productname  NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  supplierid   INT          NOT NULL,
  categoryid   INT          NOT NULL,
  unitprice    MONEY        NOT NULL
    CONSTRAINT DFT_Products_unitprice DEFAULT(0),
  discontinued BIT          NOT NULL 
    CONSTRAINT DFT_Products_discontinued DEFAULT(0),
  CONSTRAINT PK_Products PRIMARY KEY(productid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Categories FOREIGN KEY(categoryid)
    REFERENCES Production.Categories(categoryid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Suppliers FOREIGN KEY(supplierid)
    REFERENCES Production.Suppliers(supplierid),
  CONSTRAINT CHK_Products_unitprice CHECK(unitprice >= 0)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_categoryid ON Production.Products(categoryid);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_productname ON Production.Products(productname);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_supplierid  ON Production.Products(supplierid);

-- Create table Sales.Customers
CREATE TABLE Sales.Customers
(
  custid       INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  companyname  NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  contactname  NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  contacttitle NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  address      NVARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
  city         NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  region       NVARCHAR(15) NULL,
  postalcode   NVARCHAR(10) NULL,
  country      NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  phone        NVARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
  fax          NVARCHAR(24) NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Customers PRIMARY KEY(custid)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_city ON Sales.Customers(city);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_companyname ON Sales.Customers(companyname);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_postalcode  ON Sales.Customers(postalcode);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_region      ON Sales.Customers(region);

-- Create table Sales.Shippers
CREATE TABLE Sales.Shippers
(
  shipperid   INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  companyname NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  phone       NVARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Shippers PRIMARY KEY(shipperid)
);

-- Create table Sales.Orders
CREATE TABLE Sales.Orders
(
  orderid        INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY,
  custid         INT          NULL,
  empid          INT          NOT NULL,
  orderdate      DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  requireddate   DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  shippeddate    DATETIME     NULL,
  shipperid      INT          NOT NULL,
  freight        MONEY        NOT NULL
    CONSTRAINT DFT_Orders_freight DEFAULT(0),
  shipname       NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  shipaddress    NVARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
  shipcity       NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  shipregion     NVARCHAR(15) NULL,
  shippostalcode NVARCHAR(10) NULL,
  shipcountry    NVARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY(orderid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customers FOREIGN KEY(custid)
    REFERENCES Sales.Customers(custid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Employees FOREIGN KEY(empid)
    REFERENCES HR.Employees(empid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Shippers FOREIGN KEY(shipperid)
    REFERENCES Sales.Shippers(shipperid)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_custid ON Sales.Orders(custid);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_empid          ON Sales.Orders(empid);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_shipperid      ON Sales.Orders(shipperid);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_orderdate      ON Sales.Orders(orderdate);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_shippeddate    ON Sales.Orders(shippeddate);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_shippostalcode ON Sales.Orders(shippostalcode);

-- Create table Sales.OrderDetails
CREATE TABLE Sales.OrderDetails
(
  orderid   INT           NOT NULL,
  productid INT           NOT NULL,
  unitprice MONEY         NOT NULL
    CONSTRAINT DFT_OrderDetails_unitprice DEFAULT(0),
  qty       SMALLINT      NOT NULL
    CONSTRAINT DFT_OrderDetails_qty DEFAULT(1),
  discount  NUMERIC(4, 3) NOT NULL
    CONSTRAINT DFT_OrderDetails_discount DEFAULT(0),
  CONSTRAINT PK_OrderDetails PRIMARY KEY(orderid, productid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_OrderDetails_Orders FOREIGN KEY(orderid)
    REFERENCES Sales.Orders(orderid),
  CONSTRAINT FK_OrderDetails_Products FOREIGN KEY(productid)
    REFERENCES Production.Products(productid),
  CONSTRAINT CHK_discount  CHECK (discount BETWEEN 0 AND 1),
  CONSTRAINT CHK_qty  CHECK (qty > 0),
  CONSTRAINT CHK_unitprice CHECK (unitprice >= 0)
)

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_orderid ON Sales.OrderDetails(orderid);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nc_productid ON Sales.OrderDetails(productid);
GO

HR.Employees	雇员表，存放员工的一些基本信息。
Production.Products	产品信息表
Production.Suppliers	供应商表
Production.Customers	顾客信息表
Production.Categories	产品类别表
Sales.OrderDetails	订单详情表
Sales.Orders	订单表
Sales.Shippers	货运公司表

3、Sqlserver一些基本命令：

3.1、查询数据库是否存在：

if DB_ID（"testDB"）is not null;

3.2、检查表是否存在：

if OBJECT_ID（“textDB”，“U”） is not null ;其中U代表用户表

3.3、创建数据库：

create database+数据名

3.4、删除数据库：

drop database 数据库名 --删除数据库的

drop table 表名--删除表的

delete from 表名 where 条件 --删除数据的

3.5、查询语句：

use 数据库名称 --修改的数据库

select*from +表名称 --要查询的表

select 某某，某某，某某 from 表名称 where 条件 --带条件查询的数据

3.6、插入数据：

insert into 表名称（条件）values （相对应的值）

SQL Server 复习笔记 | 创建表