CheckStyle、cobertura、Findbugs与Maven2的集成

转载自:http://julianlali.blog.163.com/blog/static/58133643201023103035974/

 

 

一)

CheckStylehttp://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-checkstyle-plugin/usage.html)、FindBugshttp://mojo.codehaus.org/findbugs-maven-plugin/2.0.1/usage.html)集成到Maven中,代码检查可以通过构建工具自动完成。

coberturahttp://mojo.codehaus.org/cobertura-maven-plugin/usage.html)集成到Maven中,可生成单元测试覆盖率报告。

那么,如何将配置集中化,以便在完成一次项目构建时不必手动处理配置呢?

使用Maven内置的依赖项机制可轻松解决问题。

1. 安装jdk1.5,配置JAVA_HOMEpath中加上%JAVA_HOME%\bin

2. 安装Maven,配置MAVEN_HOMEpath中加上%MAVEN_HOME%\bin

3. 配置Maven的插件安装目录,修改conf\下的settings.xml文件,修改其中的<localRepository>,如D:/app/m2/repository

4. 配置Maven的可用内存(防止内存溢出),修改文件%MAVEN_HOME%\bin\mvn.bat,在@REM set MAVEN_OPTS=-Xdebug -Xnoagent -Djava.compiler=NONE...下添加一行set MAVEN_OPTS= -Xms256m Xmx1024m

使用配置管理工具如SVN将代码下载到本地。

(二)

首先,修改要检查代码库top级的pom.xml文件,在build pluginManagementbuild plugins以及reporting部分配置插件,以便于下载安装对应版本的插件(Maven会自动从其镜像库中下载),方法如下:

<project>

...

<build>

<!-- To define the plugin version in your parent POM -->

<pluginManagement>

<plugins>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</pluginManagement>

<!-- To use the plugin goals in your POM or parent POM -->

<plugins>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</build>

...

<!-- To use the report goals in your POM or parent POM -->

<reporting>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<configLocation>Loong_Checks.xml</configLocation>

</configuration>

<version>2.3</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.5</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.4</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
<configuration>
<xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>
<effort>Max</effort>
</configuration>
</plugin>

..

</plugins>

</reporting>

...

</project>

maven-checkstyle-plugin的最新版本为2.5,其对应的CheckStyle核心版本为5.0maven-checkstyle-plugin 2.3对应的CheckStyle核心版本为4.4。查看maven仓库中checkstyle插件的pom文件,可看到如下内容,其中的版本号就为对应的CheckStyle的版本号。其他插件与此同理。

<dependency>

<groupId>checkstyle</groupId>

<artifactId>checkstyle</artifactId>

<version>4.4</version>

</dependency>

(三)

接下来,将自定义的checkstyle规则配置文件my_Checks.xml拷贝到top级目录。

也可以将配置文件放在子文件夹下,配置中带上相对路径即可。

<reporting>

<plugins>

……

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<configLocation>build-tools/src/main/resources/xx/my_checks.xml</configLocation>

</configuration>

<version>2.3</version>

</plugin>

……

</plugins>

</reporting>

如果使用插件自带的规则文件,可以作如下配置。maven-checkstyle-plugin插件自带的规则有sun_checks.xmlmaven_checks.xml等,可查看插件包。

<reporting>

<plugins>

……

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<configLocation>config/maven_checks.xml</configLocation>

</configuration>

<version>2.3</version>

</plugin>

……

</plugins>

</reporting>

(四)

reporting部分增加jxr插件(http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-jxr-plugin/usage.html),生成代码报告,这样在CheckStyleFindbugs报告中点击问题对应的链接就可以直接看到出错的代码。

<reporting>

<plugins>

……

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-jxr-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

……

</plugins>

</reporting>

(五)

这些插件都是针对代码级的检查,生成的报告也是按照代码目录组织的,如果想要生成一个整体情况的报告,需要使用dashboard插件(http://mojo.codehaus.org/dashboard-maven-plugin/usage.html),生成聚合报告,修改pom文件,在build pluginManagementbuild plugins以及reporting部分配置dashboard插件:

<project>

...

<build>

<!-- To define the plugin version in your parent POM -->

<pluginManagement>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</pluginManagement>

<!-- To use the plugin goals in your POM or parent POM -->

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</build>

...

<!-- To use the report goals in your POM or parent POM -->

<reporting>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</reporting>

...

</project>

(六)

要注意插件仓库的配置,如果项目maven仓库未提供插件的相关版本,有时构建时会报错找不到相关插件,需要修改pom文件:

<pluginRepositories>

<pluginRepository>

<id>Codehaus repository</id>

<url>http://repository.codehaus.org/</url>

</pluginRepository>

</pluginRepositories>

(七)

与其他插件不同,要想在dashboard聚合报告中包含FindBugs报告,需要在pom文件中对FindBugs作如下配置(http://mojo.codehaus.org/dashboard-maven-plugin/findbugs_support.html):

<reporting>

<plugins>

...

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0.1</version>

<configuration>

<xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>

<effort>Max</effort>

</configuration>

</plugin>

...

</plugins>

</reporting>

WARNING :

· Minimum version of findbugs-maven-plugin 1.1.1 required.

· Do not use the findbugs "<xmlOutputDirectory/>" config option if you want the dashboard to include the findbugs summary section. see MOJO-987 JIRA issue.

(八)

打开命令窗口,用cd命令转到项目所在的目录下。使用mvn install命令将pom文件中配置的插件下载安装到本地,然后使用mvn site命令进行检查并生成报告,用mvn dashboard:dashboard命令聚合报告。运行完毕,项目各子模块目录下会生成target目录,target\site即为该项目的问题报告。如果只想检查指定目录,则cd到该目录下执行mvn命令即可。

这样生成的报告是默认的样式,默认的内容(项目pom文件reporting配置的报告都会生成),关于maven site的自定义配置和高级用法,参见 maven2站点的定制和发布

(九)

如果运行mvn checkstyle:checkstylemvn site过程中出现如下错误,则应该修改CheckStyle规则配置文件,去除其中的中文字符。

“[ERROR] BUILD ERROR

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] An error has occurred in Checkstyle report generation.

Embedded error: Failed during checkstyle configuration

Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.

(十)

如果checkstyle跳过代码检查,提示” Source directory does not exist - skipping report.”,可能是源码路径不对,默认路径为${project.build.sourceDirectory},默认是src\main\java。配置sourceDirectory属性,如下所示:

<reporting>

<plugins>

……

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<configLocation>my_checks.xml</configLocation>

<sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>

</configuration>

<version>2.3</version>

</plugin>

……

</plugins>

</reporting>

WARNING :

关于各插件的参数配置,具体可以参考官网Goals页面,点击基本Goals(checkstyle:checkstyle,findbugs:findbugs)进入页面,即可看到参数列表。

(十一)

checkstyle规则的选取很重要,sun_checks很严格,不一定适合所有项目,所以需要根据项目实际情况和要求,配置checkstyle规则配置文件。

一个典型的checkstyle规则配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
"-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Check Configuration 1.2//EN"
"
http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/configuration_1_2.dtd">

<module name="Checker">
<property name="severity" value="warning"/>

<!-- Checks that a package.html file exists for each package. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_javadoc.html#PackageHtml -->
<module name="PackageHtml">
<property name="severity" value="ignore"/>
</module>

<!-- Checks whether files end with a new line. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html#NewlineAtEndOfFile -->
<module name="NewlineAtEndOfFile">
<property name="fileExtensions" value="MF"/>
</module>

<!-- Checks that property files contain the same keys. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html#Translation -->
<module name="Translation"/>


<module name="TreeWalker">
<property name="tabWidth" value="4"/>

<!-- Checks for whitespace -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_whitespace.html -->
<module name="EmptyForIteratorPad"/>
<module name="MethodParamPad"/>
<module name="NoWhitespaceAfter">
<property name="tokens" value="BNOT,DEC,DOT,INC,LNOT"/>
</module>
<module name="NoWhitespaceBefore"/>
<module name="OperatorWrap"/>
<module name="ParenPad"/>
<module name="TypecastParenPad"/>
<module name="WhitespaceAfter"/>
<module name="WhitespaceAround">
<property name="tokens" value="ASSIGN,BAND,BAND_ASSIGN,BOR,BOR_ASSIGN,BSR,BSR_ASSIGN,BXOR,BXOR_ASSIGN,COLON,DIV,DIV_ASSIGN,EQUAL,GE,LAND,LE,LITERAL_ASSERT,LITERAL_CATCH,LITERAL_DO,LITERAL_ELSE,LITERAL_FINALLY,LITERAL_FOR,LITERAL_IF,LITERAL_RETURN,LITERAL_SYNCHRONIZED,LITERAL_TRY,LITERAL_WHILE,LOR,MINUS_ASSIGN,MOD,MOD_ASSIGN,NOT_EQUAL,PLUS_ASSIGN,QUESTION,SL,SLIST,SL_ASSIGN,SR,SR_ASSIGN,STAR,STAR_ASSIGN,LITERAL_ASSERT,TYPE_EXTENSION_AND,WILDCARD_TYPE"/>
</module>


<!-- Checks for Size Violations. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_sizes.html -->
<module name="FileLength"/>
<!-- LineLength is controlled in eclipse, auto fomatting when saving files -->
<!-- <module name="LineLength">
<property name="max" value="120"/>
</module> -->
<module name="MethodLength"/>
<module name="ParameterNumber"/>

<!-- Checks for Naming Conventions. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_naming.html -->
<module name="ConstantName"/>
<module name="LocalFinalVariableName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
</module>
<module name="LocalVariableName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
</module>
<module name="MemberName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
</module>
<module name="MethodName"/>
<module name="PackageName"/>
<module name="ParameterName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
</module>
<module name="StaticVariableName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
</module>
<module name="TypeName"/>

<!-- Modifier Checks -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_modifiers.html -->
<module name="ModifierOrder"/>
<module name="RedundantModifier"/>

<!-- Miscellaneous other checks. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html -->
<module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/>
<!-- <module name="FinalParameters"/> -->
<!-- <module name="GenericIllegalRegexp">
<property name="severity" value="ignore"/>
<property name="format" value="\s+$"/>
<property name="message" value="Line has trailing spaces."/>
</module> -->
<module name="UpperEll"/>

<!-- Checks for blocks. You know, those {}'s -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_blocks.html -->
<module name="EmptyBlock">
<property name="option" value="text"/>
</module>
<module name="LeftCurly"/>
<module name="NeedBraces"/>
<module name="RightCurly"/>
<module name="AvoidNestedBlocks"/>


<!-- Checks for class design -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_design.html -->
<module name="FinalClass"/>
<module name="InterfaceIsType"/>
<!-- <module name="DesignForExtension"/> -->
<module name="HideUtilityClassConstructor"/>
<!-- <module name="VisibilityModifier"/> -->


<!-- Checks for common coding problems -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_coding.html -->
<module name="AvoidInlineConditionals"/>
<module name="DoubleCheckedLocking"/> <!-- MY FAVOURITE -->
<module name="EmptyStatement"/>
<!-- <module name="EqualsHashCode"/> -->
<!-- <module name="HiddenField"/> -->
<module name="IllegalInstantiation"/>
<module name="InnerAssignment"/>
<!-- <module name="MagicNumber"/> -->
<module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
<!-- <module name="RedundantThrows">
<property name="logLoadErrors" value="true"/>
<property name="suppressLoadErrors" value="true"/>
</module> -->
<module name="SimplifyBooleanExpression"/>
<module name="SimplifyBooleanReturn"/>


<!-- Checks for imports -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_import.html -->
<module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
<module name="IllegalImport"/> <!-- defaults to sun.* packages -->
<module name="RedundantImport"/>
<module name="UnusedImports"/>

<!-- Checks for Javadoc comments. -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_javadoc.html -->
<module name="JavadocType">
<property name="excludeScope" value="private"/>
<property name="scope" value="nothing"/>
</module>
<module name="JavadocMethod">
<property name="allowMissingJavadoc" value="true"/>
<property name="logLoadErrors" value="true"/>
<property name="suppressLoadErrors" value="true"/>
</module>
<module name="JavadocVariable">
<property name="excludeScope" value="private"/>
<property name="scope" value="nothing"/>
</module>
<module name="JavadocStyle">
<property name="checkFirstSentence" value="false"/>
<property name="checkHtml" value="false"/>
</module>


<!-- Checks for Headers -->
<!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_header.html -->
<!-- <module name="Header"> -->
<!-- The follow property value demonstrates the ability -->
<!-- to have access to ANT properties. In this case it uses -->
<!-- the ${basedir} property to allow Checkstyle to be run -->
<!-- from any directory within a project. See property -->
<!-- expansion, -->
<!--
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config.html#properties -->
<!-- <property -->
<!-- name="headerFile" -->
<!-- value="${basedir}/java.header"/> -->
<!-- </module> -->

<!-- Following interprets the header file as regular expressions. -->
<!-- <module name="RegexpHeader"/> -->


</module>

</module>

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转载自shenjc2008.iteye.com/blog/1051592