一. 分组查询定义
1. 语法
select 分组函数，分组后的字段
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的字段
【having 分组后的筛选】
【order by 排序列表】
2. 特点
使用关键字 筛选的表 位置
分组前筛选 where 原始表 group by的前面
分组后筛选 having 分组后的结果 group by的后面
二. 分组查询SQL练习
1. 简单案例
#案例1：查询每个工种的员工平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
#案例2：查询每个位置的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
#案例3：查询邮箱中包含a字符的 每个部门的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
#案例4：查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
#案例5：查询哪个部门的员工个数>5
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
#案例6：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
#案例7：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) m
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING m > 6000
ORDER BY m ;
#案例8：查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序
SELECT MIN(salary),job_id,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC;
2. 混合案例
#1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值，最小值，平均值，总和，并按job_id升序
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
#2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距（DIFFERENCE）
SELECT MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
#3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资，其中最低工资不能低于6000，没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;
#4.查询所有部门的编号，员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*),AVG(salary) a
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY a DESC;
#5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
SELECT COUNT(*) 个数,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;