Ansible触发器-tag标签-忽略错误

触发器

playbook handlers

handler`用来执行某些条件下的任务,比如当配置文件发生变化的时候,通过notify触发handler去重启服务。

在saltstack中也有类似的触发器,写法相对Ansible简单,只需要watch,配置文件即可。

大白话:监控某一个步骤,一旦该步骤发生了变化,则立马触发该步骤的触发器,执行对应的步骤

注意:
1.无论多少个task通知了相同的handlers,handlers仅会在所有tasks结束后运行一次。

2.Handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时,才会被运行;如果一个任务中定义了notify调用Handlers,但是由于条件判断等原因,该任务未被执行,那么Handlers同样不会被执行。

3.Handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次;如果想在一个playbook中间运行Handlers,则需要使用meta模块来实现。例如: -meta: flush_handlers。(不要强制执行)

4.如果一个play在运行到调用Handlers的语句之前失败了,那么这个Handlers将不会被执行。我们可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行Handlers,即使Handlers所在的play中途运行失败也能执行。(不要强制执行)

5.不能使用handlers替代tasks

触发器的写法

- hosts: web01
  task:
    - name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
      copy:
        src: "{{ item.src }}"
        dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
      with_items:
        - { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
      
 # 通过名字的方式来关联触发器,当配置文件有变化的时候,就会引发触发器
  handlers:
    - name: Restart Nginx And PHP
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: restarted
      with_items:
        - nginx
        - php-fpm

注意:tasks中的notify名字必须和handlers中的- name名字对应上,否则触发器和任务没有做任何关联

tag标签

默认情况下,Ansible在执行一个playbook时,会执行playbook中定义的所有任务,Ansible的标签(tag)功能可以给单独任务甚至整个playbook打上标签,然后利用这些标签来指定要运行playbook中的个别任务,或不执行指定的任务。

打标签的方式

1.对一个task打一个标签

我只想推送nginx的配置文件

    - name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
      copy:
        src: "{{ item.src }}"
        dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
      with_items:
        - { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
      tags: config_nginx

## 运行:
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml  -t config_nginx
-t:运行指定的tag
--skip-tags:跳过指定的tag

2.对一个task打多个标签

有一个功能任务,我安装nginx的时候需要创建www用户,安装nfs的时候,需要创建www用户,安装rsync的时候需要创建www用户

创建www用户这个功能,有多个任务都需要使用

tag: install_nginx

tag: install_nfs

tag: install_rsync

    - name: Create {{ web_user_group }} Group
      group:
        name: "{{ web_user_group }}"
        gid: 666
        state: present
      tags:
        - install_nginx
        - install_nfs
        - install_rsync

[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml  -t install_nginx

    - name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
      copy:
        src: "{{ item.src }}"
        dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
      with_items:
        - { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
      tags: 
        - congfig_nginx
        - install_nginx

比如在只运行部署代码的步骤,需要创建www用户,只运行部署rsync的时候也需要创建www用户,这个时候就需要把创建www用户这个tasks加上多个标签。

3.对多个task打一个标签

我只想重新安装nginx

1.安装nginx

tag: install_nginx

2.配置nginx打一个标签

tag: install_nginx

    - name: Unarchive Nginx and PHP
      unarchive:
        src: /ansible/web/nginx_php.tgz
        dest: /root
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

    - name: Install Nginx and PHP
      yum:
        name: /root/nginx_php/{{ item }}
        state: present
      with_items: "{{ nginx_php_packages }}"
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

    - name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
      copy:
        src: "{{ item.src }}"
        dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
      with_items:
        - { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
        - { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
      tags:
        - congfig_nginx
        - install_nginx

    - name: Create HTML Dir
      file:
        path: /code
        owner: "{{ web_user_group }}"
        group: "{{ web_user_group }}"
        state: directory
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

    - name: Unarchive WordPress Package
      unarchive:
        src: /ansible/web/wordpress.tgz
        dest: /code
        owner: "{{ web_user_group }}"
        group: "{{ web_user_group }}"
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

    - name: Start Nginx Server
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: started
        enabled: true
      with_items:
        - nginx
        - php-fpm
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

    - name: Mount NFS Share Directory
      mount:
        path: /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads
        src: 172.16.1.31:/{{ nfs_dir }}
        fstype: nfs
        state: mounted
      when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
      tags: install_nginx

## 运行:
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml  -t install_nginx

-t:运行指定的tag
--skip-tags:跳过指定的tag

比如我只想执行安装nginx的步骤,需要创建www用户、创建站点目录、加入防火墙规则等,把这些步骤打上统一标签,然后调用执行这样就可以只运行指定的相应的步骤及就可以了。

playbook的复用

只调用task:include_tasks
调用整个task文件:include (新版本:import_playbook)

在saltstack中,叫做top file入口文件。

示例一:

[root@m01 m01]# cat task.yml 
- hosts: web_group
  vars:
    - http_port: 8080

  tasks:
    - include_tasks: task_install.yml
    - include_tasks: task_configure.yml
    - include_tasks: task_start.yml

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Httpd Server
      systemd:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted

[root@m01 m01]# cat task_install.yml 
- name: Install Http Server
  yum:
    name: httpd
    state: present

[root@m01 m01]# cat task_configure.yml 
- name: configure httpd server
  template:
    src: ./httpd.j2
    dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  notify: Restart Httpd Server

[root@m01 m01]# cat task_start.yml 
- name: start httpd server
  service:
    name: httpd
    state: started
    enabled: yes

示例二

- include: httpd.yml
- include: nfs.yml
- include: rsync.yml

示例三

- import_playbook: httpd.yml
- import_playbook: nfs.yml
- import_playbook: rsync.yml

忽略错误

默认playbook会检测task执行的返回状态,如果遇到错误则会立即终止playbook的后续task执行,然而有些时候playbook即使执行错误了也要让其继续执行。

加入参数:ignore_errors:yes 忽略错误

[root@m01 ~]# cat ignore.yml
- hosts: web_group
  tasks:
    - name: Ignore False
      command: /bin/false
      ignore_errors: yes
      
    - name: touch new file
      file:
        path: /tmp/zls.txt
        state: touch

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/gshelldon/p/13376493.html