Moving Data
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe ways to move data
• Explain the general architecture of Oracle Data Pump
• Create and use directory objects
• Use Data Pump Export and Import to move data between Oracle databases
• Use SQL*Loader to load data from a non-Oracle database (or user files)
• Use external tables to move data via platform-independent files
目标
完成本课程后，您应该能够：
•描述移动数据的方法
•解释Oracle数据泵的总体架构
•创建和使用目录对象
•使用数据泵导出和导入在Oracle数据库之间移动数据
•使用SQL*加载程序从非Oracle数据库（或用户文件）加载数据
•使用外部表通过独立于平台的文件移动数据
Moving Data: General Architecture 移动数据：通用体系结构
Oracle Data Pump: Overview
As a server-based facility for high-speed data and metadata movement, Oracle Data Pump:
• Is callable via DBMS_DATAPUMP
• Provides the following tools:
– expdp
– impdp
– GUI interface in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
• Provides four data movement methods:
– Data file copying
– Direct path
– External tables
– Network link support
• Detaches from and re-attaches to long-running jobs
• Restarts Data Pump jobs
Oracle数据泵：概述
作为基于服务器的高速数据和元数据移动工具，Oracle data Pump：
•可通过DBMS U数据泵调用
•提供以下工具：
–出口产品开发计划
–impdp公司
–Enterprise Manager云控制中的图形用户界面
•提供四种数据移动方法：
–数据文件复制
–直接路径
–外部表格
–网络链接支持
•脱离并重新连接到长时间运行的作业
•重新启动数据泵作业
Oracle Data Pump: Benefits
Data Pump offers many benefits and many features, such as:
• Fine-grained object and data selection
• Explicit specification of database version
• Parallel execution
• Estimation of export job space consumption
• Network mode in a distributed environment
• Remapping capabilities
• Data sampling and metadata compression
• Compression of data during a Data Pump export
• Security through encryption
• Ability to export XMLType data as CLOBs
• Legacy mode to support old import and export files
Oracle数据泵：好处
数据泵提供许多优点和功能，例如：
•细粒度对象和数据选择
•明确说明数据库版本
•并行执行
•估算出口工作空间消耗
•分布式环境中的网络模式
•重新映射功能
•数据采样和元数据压缩
•数据泵导出期间的数据压缩
•通过加密实现安全性
•能够将XMLType数据导出为clob
•支持旧导入和导出文件的传统模式
Directory Objects for Data Pump 数据泵的目录对象
Creating Directory Objects 创建目录对象
SQL> create directory exp_dump as '/u01/'; 创建目录
Directory created.
Data Pump Export and Import Clients: Overview 数据泵导出和导入客户端：概述 （可通过此方式完成数据库升级操作，比如从11g升级到12c）
Data Pump Utility: Interfaces and Modes
• Data Pump Export and Import interfaces:
– Command line
– Parameter file
– Interactive command line
– Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
• Data Pump Export and Import modes:
– Full
– Schema
– Table
– Tablespace
– Transportable tablespace
– Transportable database
数据泵实用程序：接口和模式
•数据泵导出和导入接口：
–命令行
–参数文件
–交互式命令行
–Enterprise Manager云控制
•数据泵导出和导入模式：
–已满
–架构
–桌子
–表空间
–可传输表空间
–可移植数据库
Performing a Data Pump Export by Using Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 使用Enterprise Manager云控制执行数据泵导出 （可用schema方式导出）
SQL> select * from job_history; 查看表是否存在
[oracle@yf u01]$ expdp system directory=exp_dump dumpfile=exp_hr.dmp logfile=hr_exp.log schemas=hr
[oracle@yf u01]$ expdp数据库导出导入工具 system用户名 directory目录对象=exp_dump刚才创建的目录对象 dumpfile=exp_hr.dmp指定dmp文件的名称 logfile=hr_exp.log指定日志文件名称 schemas=hr指定导出的方式和名称
Export: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jun 27 21:24:03 2020
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password: 输入用户口令
[oracle@yf u01]$ cd /u01
[oracle@yf u01]$ ls *.log
hr_exp.log
[oracle@yf u01]$ more hr_exp.log 查看新生成的log文件
[oracle@yf u01]$ ls *.dmp
[oracle@yf u01]$ sqlplus hr/hr
SQL> drop table job_history purge; 模拟表被误删除
Table dropped.
SQL> select * from job_history;
select * from job_history 表已经不在了
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
[oracle@yf ~]$ impdp system directory=exp_dump dumpfile=exp_hr.dmp logfile=imp_hr.log tables=hr.job_history
[oracle@yf ~]$ impdp导入工具 system用户名 directory=exp_dump目录对象名称 dumpfile=exp_hr.dmp文件名 logfile=imp_hr.log日志文件名 tables=hr.job_history需要导入的表
Import: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jun 27 21:53:26 2020
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": system/******** directory=exp_dump dumpfile=exp_hr.dmp logfile=imp_hr.log tables=hr.job_history
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "HR"."JOB_HISTORY" 7.187 KB 10 rows 导入成功
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Sat Jun 27 21:53:54 2020 elapsed 0 00:00:22
Performing a Data Pump Import
Data Pump can be invoked on the command line:
执行数据泵导入
可以在命令行上调用数据泵：
$ impdp hr DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR \
DUMPFILE=HR_SCHEMA.DMP \
PARALLEL=1 \
CONTENT=ALL \
TABLES="EMPLOYEES" \
LOGFILE=DATA_PUMP_DIR:import_hr_employees.log \
JOB_NAME=importHR \
TRANSFORM=STORAGE:n
Data Pump Import: Transformations
You can remap:
• Data files by using REMAP_DATAFILE
• Tablespaces by using REMAP_TABLESPACE
• Schemas by using REMAP_SCHEMA
• Tables by using REMAP_TABLE
• Data by using REMAP_DATA
数据泵导入：转换
您可以重新映射：
•使用REMAP_DATAFILE的数据文件
•使用REMAP_表空间的表空间
•使用重新映射模式的模式
•使用REMAP_TABLE的表
•使用重新映射数据的数据
REMAP_TABLE = 'EMPLOYEES':'EMP'
SQL*Loader: Overview
