Nginx 中主配置文件 nginx.conf 的解析

1. nginx.conf 文件的基本内容

user  root;
worker_processes  1;

error_log logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 512321;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

		# 网站日志
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

2. 内容解析

2.1 核心模块

user root;	执行 nginx 的用户
worker_processes    1;	启动的 worker 进程数量 (CPU 数量一致或 auto)
error_log    logs/nginx_error.log crit;	设置错误日志
pid    nginx.pid;	进程号
worker_rlimit_nofile    512321;	指定此进程可以打开的最大文件描述符的值

2.2 事件驱动模块

worker_connections    1024;	同一个进程工作允许的连接数

2.3 http 网站模块

worker_connections    1024;	同一个进程工作允许的连接数
include    mime.types;	包含 MIME 映射
default_type    application/octet-stream;	默认处理类型
default_type    application/octet-stream;	默认处理类型
$remote_addr	远程访问地址, 客户端的 IP 地址
$remote_user	远程访问用户, 客户端的用户名称
$time_local	本地时间, 服务器自身时间
$request	请求方法, 请求的 url 以及 http 协议
$status	http 请求状态
$body_bytes_sent	body 标签发给客服端的字节数
$http_referer	引用 (记录该页面是从哪个页面链接访问过来的, 超链接)
$http_user_agent	客户点浏览器的相关信息
$http_x_forwarded_for	代理 IP
server	默认网站配置文件, 虚拟主机 (虚拟主机有几个就有几个 server)
listen    80;	端口
server_name    localhost;	域名
charset    koi8-r;	网页字符类型
access_log    logs/host.access.log main;	网站日志
location    / {}	网站的根目录
root    html;	相对安装路径的地方
index    index.html index.htm;	主页引用的文件
error_page    404    /404.html;	错误页面, http 访问码, url 路径
location    =    /50x.html { root html; }	出现相应错误指向指定页面