第13篇 web3.js - sendSignedTransaction使用方法

本文环境：

      区块链：以太坊POA联盟链；

      出块节点数：3；

      操作系统：windows 64；

      节点版本：Geth1.9.14；

      node版本：v10.14.0

参考文档：https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.8/

本文描述在测试eth.sendSignedTransaction过程中碰到的问题。

在官方文档中，使用示例代码如下：

var Tx = require('ethereumjs-tx').Transaction;
var privateKey = Buffer.from('e331b6d69882b4cb4ea581d88e0b604039a3de5967688d3dcffdd2270c0fd109', 'hex');

var rawTx = {
  nonce: '0x00',
  gasPrice: '0x09184e72a000',
  gasLimit: '0x2710',
  to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  value: '0x00',
  data: '0x7f7465737432000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600057'
}

var tx = new Tx(rawTx, {'chain':'ropsten'});
tx.sign(privateKey);

var serializedTx = tx.serialize();

// console.log(serializedTx.toString('hex'));
// 0xf889808609184e72a00082271094000000000000000000000000000000000000000080a47f74657374320000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006000571ca08a8bbf888cfa37bbf0bb965423625641fc956967b81d12e23709cead01446075a01ce999b56a8a88504be365442ea61239198e23d1fce7d00fcfc5cd3b44b7215f

web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction('0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex'))
.on('receipt', console.log);

> // see eth.getTransactionReceipt() for details

一、安装ethereumjs-tx

使用如下命令安装：

C:\Users\administrator> npm install -g  ethereumjs-tx

安装正常。

二、启动节点测试并解决问题

正常启动本地节点，获取账号私钥正常，获取账号nonce正常；

1、测试过程中一直报错：

(node:10440) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Returned error: invalid sender"

这个问题卡了好久，本文使用的POA私链，一直找不到原因，网上好多也都是提问；

有些人建议在rawTx增加chainId: '517'，本文尝试后，没有变化，还是将该条去掉；

将ethereumjs-tx版本回退到1.3.7，安装方式：

C:\Users\administrator> npm install -g  [email protected]

安装正常。此时需要修改一行代码：

var Tx = require('ethereumjs-tx').Transaction;  
//因为版本降低，改为
var Tx = require('ethereumjs-tx');

重新运行代码，错误解决。

2、此时出现新的报错：

(node:10520) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Returned error: intrinsic gas too low

适当增加  gasPrice和gasLimit的值后，错误解决。

3、代码

本文在原官方文档的基础上做了最小修改并跑通的代码：

var Web3= require('web3');   
var web3= new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:8545"));

var Tx = require('ethereumjs-tx');
var privateKey = Buffer.from('a6fe45540000bd3fed9a4794166577b6e62eb674004edc22a6554630d8515654', 'hex');
 
var rawTx = {
  nonce: '0x15',
  gasPrice: '0x09184e72a000000', 
  gasLimit: '0x27100',            
  to: '0x0297a8913cc187d60712f095a7e1bf2421bfcd40',
  value: '0x100',
  data: '0x010203040506070809'
}
 
var tx = new Tx(rawTx,{'chain':'ropsten'});
tx.sign(privateKey);
 
var serializedTx = tx.serialize();
 
console.log(serializedTx.toString('hex'));
// f87213879184e72b00000083027200940297a8913cc187d60712f095a7e1bf2421bfcd40820100890102030405060708091ca0e2bafcccd3215da81fa21075d52f80ce26abf82f81566bfc6e69f3b75cfc6461a050738216f3088587caa14bb7578923b21bd969a5ccd7b2a77bcc7f4581e0ffe3
 
web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction('0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex')).on('receipt', console.log);

直接在命令行下node运行，结果如下：

{ blockHash:
   '0x86048b8c11f9d63eb9eaaa2df01df561d6ba29245bd8ba9b273a09473f174458',
  blockNumber: 223581,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 21144,
  from: '0x38d8b866a1abebca20afc004622f5355eefeb568',
  gasUsed: 21144,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom:
   '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: '0x0297a8913cc187d60712f095a7e1bf2421bfcd40',
  transactionHash:
   '0xe467cc585d2aefd9479b0ba54228e13f4150651294fe8dc597907f5b2697fe4d',
  transactionIndex: 0 }

在这个过程一直遇到invalid sender，后来才发现是ethereumjs-tx的版本问题，记录一下，以防大家踩坑。