到这里，光照基础就已经接近尾声了，当然对于光照渲染的学习，这可能只是百步中的一步，尽管如此，至少还是做到了从 0 到 1 的一个过程，就像之前刚学会“HelloWorld”一样，一切伟大的行动和思想，都有一个微不足道的开始
再次声明：直至这一章，主要还是参考于 https://learnopengl.com/，当然这不仅是翻译，也结合了不少其它的文献和教学视频，和原文略有不同，很多地方去掉了繁杂或不重要的描述，加入了自己的看法，整体更加整洁易懂
- 如有问题/错误，求反馈
一、GLSL配置
之前着色器用的一直都是.txt，专不专业不重要，重要的是没有高亮。。
一样，以VS2019为例，工具 → 扩展，如下，下载GLSL：
成功之后，要将所有的顶点着色器改成.vert后缀、所有的片段着色器改成.frag后缀，搞定！
二、多光源测试
尝试把 OpenGL基础24：聚光灯 和 OpenGL基础23：平行光与点光源 都加到场景中
一般来讲，光源可能不止一个，例如下面举例的场景，就有5个光源，其中3个点光源，太阳光和聚光灯各1个
之前片段着色器的写法有点僵硬，面对这么多光源，貌似代码不是特别好改，总不可能每个光源都写一遍一样的逻辑吧，所以需要优化一下片段着色器的结构
先拿最简单的平行光作为例子，定义的方式不变，可以写一个函数来输出平行光对当前片段的颜色贡献：
vec3 CalcSunLight(SunLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0f);
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn)));
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, texIn)));
return diffuse + specular;
}这样就可以类比推出点光照和聚光灯的函数，对于需要传入的参数而言，平行光只需要光的属性、法向量和视角向量，但是对于后面两者，还需要片段的位置，不然无法得到光照的入射方向
搞定之后，片段着色器主函数就可以写的非常整洁了：
这样的话，相当于每个光源都是独立计算的
void main()
{
//环境光
vec3 ambient = ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn));
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - fragPosIn);
vec3 normal = normalize(normalIn);
vec3 result = CalcSunLight(sunLight, normal, viewDir);
for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
result = result + CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], normal, fragPosIn, viewDir);
result = result + CalcSpotLight(spotLight, normal, fragPosIn, viewDir);
color = vec4(result, 1.0f);
}看下效果：
完整代码：
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 normal;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 texture;
out vec2 texIn;
out vec3 normalIn;
out vec3 fragPosIn;
uniform mat4 model; //模型矩阵
uniform mat4 view; //观察矩阵
uniform mat4 projection; //投影矩阵
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0);
texIn = vec2(texture.x, 1.0f - texture.y);
fragPosIn = vec3(model * vec4(position, 1.0f));
normalIn = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * normal;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#version 330 core
struct Material
{
sampler2D diffuse; //贴图
sampler2D specular; //镜面贴图
sampler2D emission; //放射贴图
float shininess; //反光度
};
struct SunLight //平行光
{
vec3 direction;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
struct PointLight //点光源
{
vec3 position;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
float k0, k1, k2;
};
struct SpotLight //聚光灯
{
vec3 position;
vec3 direction;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
float k0, k1, k2;
float cutOff, outCutOff;
};
uniform vec3 ambient;
uniform Material material;
uniform SunLight sunLight;
uniform PointLight pointLights[3];
uniform SpotLight spotLight;
vec3 CalcSunLight(SunLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir);
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir);
vec3 CalcSpotLight(SpotLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir);
out vec4 color;
uniform vec3 viewPos;
in vec2 texIn;
in vec3 fragPosIn;
in vec3 normalIn;
void main()
{
//环境光
vec3 ambient = ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn));
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - fragPosIn);
vec3 normal = normalize(normalIn);
vec3 result = CalcSunLight(sunLight, normal, viewDir);
for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
result = result + CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], normal, fragPosIn, viewDir);
result = result + CalcSpotLight(spotLight, normal, fragPosIn, viewDir);
color = vec4(result, 1.0f);
}
vec3 CalcSunLight(SunLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0f);
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn)));
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, texIn)));
return diffuse + specular;
}
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0f);
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn)));
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, texIn)));
float dis = length(light.position - fragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0f / (light.k0 + light.k1 * dis + light.k2 * (dis * dis));
diffuse *= attenuation;
specular *= attenuation;
return diffuse + specular;
}
vec3 CalcSpotLight(SpotLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
float theta = dot(lightDir, normalize(-light.direction));
float lightSoft = clamp((theta - light.outCutOff) / (light.cutOff - light.outCutOff), 0.0f, 1.0f);
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0f);
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, texIn)));
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, texIn)));
float dis = length(light.position - fragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0f / (light.k0 + light.k1 * dis + light.k2 * (dis * dis));
diffuse *= attenuation * lightSoft;
specular *= attenuation * lightSoft;
return diffuse + specular;
}main.cpp：
#include<iostream>
#include<opengl/glew.h>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include<GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include"Camera.h"
#include<glm/glm.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include"Shader.h"
#include<opengl/freeglut.h>
#include<SOIL.h>
bool keys[1024];
Camera camera;
GLfloat lastX, lastY;
bool firstMouse = true;
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void cameraMove();
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;
int main()
{
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glewInit();
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
Shader shaderObj("ObjVShader.vert", "ObjFShader.frag");
Shader shaderLight("LightVShader.vert", "LightFShader.frag");
GLfloat vertices[] =
{
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
glm::vec3 positions[] =
{
glm::vec3(0.0f, -2.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(-2.0f, -2.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(-2.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(-3.0f, -2.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(-2.0f, -2.0f, 1.0f),
glm::vec3(-1.0f, -2.0f, -4.0f),
};
glm::vec3 pointLightPositions[] =
{
glm::vec3(-1.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f),
glm::vec3(-5.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f),
};
GLuint VBO, VAO, textureA, textureB;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
int picWidth, picHeight;
glGenTextures(1, &textureA);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureA);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("Texture/wood2.jpg", &picWidth, &picHeight, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, picWidth, picHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glGenTextures(1, &textureB);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureB);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
image = SOIL_load_image("Texture/specular.jpg", &picWidth, &picHeight, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, picWidth, picHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
shaderObj.Use();
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "material.diffuse"), 0);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "material.specular"), 1);
GLuint lightVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
//VBO数据已经绑定且我们就用之前的顶点数据，所以无需再管理VBO
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glfwPollEvents();
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
cameraMove();
shaderLight.Use();
glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (GLfloat)WIDTH / (GLfloat)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderLight.Program, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderLight.Program, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderLight.Program, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
{
model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), pointLightPositions[i]);
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
shaderObj.Use();
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureA);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureB);
GLint matSpecularLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "material.specular");
GLint matShineLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "material.shininess");
glUniform3f(matSpecularLoc, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glUniform1f(matShineLoc, 32.0f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "sunLight.direction"), -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "sunLight.diffuse"), 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "sunLight.specular"), 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].position"), pointLightPositions[0].x, pointLightPositions[0].y, pointLightPositions[0].z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].diffuse"), 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].specular"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].k0"), 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].k1"), 0.09);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[0].k2"), 0.032);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].position"), pointLightPositions[1].x, pointLightPositions[1].y, pointLightPositions[1].z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].diffuse"), 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].specular"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].k0"), 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].k1"), 0.09);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[1].k2"), 0.032);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].position"), pointLightPositions[2].x, pointLightPositions[2].y, pointLightPositions[2].z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].diffuse"), 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].specular"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].k0"), 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].k1"), 0.09);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "pointLights[2].k2"), 0.032);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.position"), camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.direction"), camera.Front.x, camera.Front.y, camera.Front.z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.diffuse"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.specular"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.k0"), 1.0f);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.k1"), 0.09);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.k2"), 0.032);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.cutOff"), glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "spotLight.outCutOff"), glm::cos(glm::radians(16.0f)));
GLint lightAmbientLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "ambient");
GLint viewPosLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "viewPos");
glUniform3f(lightAmbientLoc, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
glUniform3f(viewPosLoc, camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);
model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(57.0f), glm::vec3(-0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "model");
viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "view");
projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderObj.Program, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
{
model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), positions[i]);
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(0.0f), glm::vec3(-0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
glBindVertexArray(0);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
GLfloat deltaTime = 0.0f;
GLfloat lastFrame = 0.0f;
void cameraMove()
{
GLfloat currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;
GLfloat cameraSpeed = 1.0f * deltaTime;
if (keys[GLFW_KEY_W])
camera.ProcessKeyboard(Camera_Movement(FORWARD), deltaTime);
if (keys[GLFW_KEY_S])
camera.ProcessKeyboard(Camera_Movement(BACKWARD), deltaTime);
if (keys[GLFW_KEY_A])
camera.ProcessKeyboard(Camera_Movement(LEFT), deltaTime);
if (keys[GLFW_KEY_D])
camera.ProcessKeyboard(Camera_Movement(RIGHT), deltaTime);
}
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
if (action == GLFW_PRESS) //如果当前是按下操作
keys[key] = true;
else if (action == GLFW_RELEASE) //松开键盘
keys[key] = false;
}
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
if (firstMouse)
{
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
firstMouse = false;
}
GLfloat xoffset = xpos - lastX;
GLfloat yoffset = lastY - ypos;
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
GLfloat sensitivity = 0.05;
xoffset *= sensitivity;
yoffset *= sensitivity;
camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}尽管主代码设置uniform变量时看起来很吓人，但是在实际的运用上，这些参数肯定不可能是写死的，而是读取配置，但因为这里只考虑openGL的学习，所以写死也没有多大关系