maven基础及maven插件

maven基础

优势

• 相比传统项目，减少了手动导入工序，更加简便
• 插件丰富
• 构建简单

安装

1. maven下载地址
2. 配置MVN_HOME，如JAVA_HOME类似
3. 配置完成后，cmd输入mvn-version 检测是否配置成功
4. 配置setting.xml，路径在maven安装目录conf目录下，打开setting.xml配置一个aliyun的仓库(默认仓库下载速度，以前也可以配置oschina打仓库，现在关闭了)

      <mirrors>
      <!--aliyun仓库-->
    	<mirror>
    	  <id>alimaven</id>
    	  <name>aliyun maven</name>
    	  <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    	  <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    	</mirror>
    	<!-- 中央仓库1 -->
        <mirror>
            <id>repo1</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
    
        <!-- 中央仓库2 -->
        <mirror>
            <id>repo2</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
        <!-- mirror
         | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
         | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
         | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
         |
        <mirror>
          <id>mirrorId</id>
          <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
          <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
          <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
        </mirror>
         -->
      </mirrors>

maven加载顺序

首先是到用户目录下打.m2目录下setting中去找jar包，再去conf下的setting中找的
maven->/.m2/setting.xml->conf/settiong.xml

pom.xml文件说明

新建maven此处不做说明

• groupid：公司名(网址）
• artifactId：模块功能名(common，web，model，dao)
• version：版本号
• pachaging：打包方式，默认jar
• dependencyManagemanet：依赖管理，统一版本号
• Dependency：依赖

• Type：默认jar
• scope：
  • complile：编译
  • test：测试
  • provided：已经提供了，不需要打进包
  • runtime：运行时需要
  • system：本地依赖的jar包
• exclusions：剔除不需要的jar包，多用于jar包冲突

基本的命令

• compile:编译(mvn clean:compile)
• test：运行test
• package：打包
• install：install到本地仓库
• deploy：发布到远程仓库

maven插件

插件网址

• maven官网
• MojoHaus官网

常用插件

• tomcat

        <pluginManagement>
          <plugins>
            <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
              <artifactId>tomcat6-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.3-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
              <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.3-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </plugin>
          </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>

• assembly（打包）
• zip
• tar
• tar.gz (or tgz)
• tar.bz2 (or tbz2)
• tar.snappy
• tar.xz (or txz)
• jar
• dir
• war
• versions 统一升级版本号
  mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=1.1

自定义插件

• 自定义Mojo

1.extends AbstractMojo

    package sample.plugin;
     
    import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojo;
    import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
    import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Mojo;
     
    /**
     * Says "Hi" to the user.
     *
     */
    @Mojo( name = "sayhi")
    public class GreetingMojo extends AbstractMojo
    {
        public void execute() throws MojoExecutionException
        {
            getLog().info( "Hello, world." );
        }
    }

2.pom参数

    <project>
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     
      <groupId>sample.plugin</groupId>
      <artifactId>hello-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>maven-plugin</packaging>
     
      <name>Sample Parameter-less Maven Plugin</name>
     
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-plugin-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.0</version>
        </dependency>
     
        <!-- dependencies to annotations -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugin-tools</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-plugin-annotations</artifactId>
          <version>3.4</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    </project>

3.引用插件

    ...
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <groupId>sample.plugin</groupId>
            <artifactId>hello-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    ...