Spring Boot读取 properties或者application.yml 配置文件中的数据

Spring Boot读取配置的 5 种方式

读取application文件

在application.yml或者properties文件中添加：

• user.address=china
  user.company=demo
  user.name=让我康康

 1、使用@Value注解读取

     直接 代码如下：

package im.homeapi.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/api")
public class HomeController {

    @Value("${user.address}")
    private String address;

    @Value("${user.company}")
    private String company;

    @Value("${user.name}")
    private String name;

    //value 指定访问地址，method 指定请求类型
    @RequestMapping(value = "/home",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public  String Home()
    {
        return "Hello Word";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfig")
    public String getConfig() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + name +
                " address=" + address +
                " , company=" + company;
    }


}

 放到单独的配置类中读取：

package im.homeapi.entity;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class UserConfig {

    @Value("${user.address}")
    private String address;

    @Value("${user.company}")
    private String company;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Value("${user.name}")
    private String name;
}

调用如下：

    @Autowired
    private UserConfig userConfig;
    //读取配置类
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfigEntity")
    public String getConfigEntity() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + userConfig.getName() +
                " address=" + userConfig.getAddress() +
                " , company=" + userConfig.getCompany();

    }

   运行结果如下：

 2、使用@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

代码如下：

package im.homeapi.entity;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user")
public class UserConfig1 {
    private String address;
    private String company;
    private String name;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

调用：

package im.homeapi.controller;

import im.homeapi.entity.UserConfig;
import im.homeapi.entity.UserConfig1;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/api")
public class ConfigController {
    @Autowired
    private UserConfig1 userConfig;
    //读取配置类 ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfigEntity1")
    public String getConfigEntity() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + userConfig.getName() +
                " address=" + userConfig.getAddress() +
                " , company=" + userConfig.getCompany();

    }
}

运行结果：

3、读取指定文件

     3.1、@PropertySource+@Value注解读取方式

     在resources下新建配置config/db-config.properties 

     注意：@PropertySource不支持yml文件读取。

db.username=root
db.password=123456

如图：

代码：

package im.homeapi.entity;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBConfig {

    @Value("${db.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${db.password}")
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

调用代码：

package im.homeapi.controller;
import im.homeapi.entity.DBConfig;
import im.homeapi.entity.UserConfig;
import im.homeapi.entity.UserConfig1;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/api")
public class DbController {
    @Autowired
    private DBConfig dbConfig;
    //读取配置类 PropertySource+@Value注解读取方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfigdb")
    public String getConfigdb() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + dbConfig.getUsername() +
                " , password=" + dbConfig.getPassword();
    }
}

运行结果：

3.2、@PropertySource+@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

   代码：

package im.homeapi.entity;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBconfig1 {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

调用代码：

    @Autowired
    private DBconfig1 dbConfig1;
    //读取配置类 @PropertySource+@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfigdb1")
    public String getConfigdb1() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + dbConfig1.getUsername() +
                " , password=" + dbConfig1.getPassword();
    }

运行结果：

@Component 表示将该类标识为Bean

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")用于绑定属性，其中prefix表示所绑定的属性的前缀。

@PropertySource(value = "config/db-config.properties")表示配置文件路径。

4、使用Environment读取

代码：

   @Autowired
    private Environment environment;
    //读取配置类 CEnvironment读取方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getConfigenv")
    public String getConfigenv() {
        return "获取的配置信息 :" +
                " name=" + environment.getProperty("user.name") +
                " address=" + environment.getProperty("user.address") +
                " , company=" + environment.getProperty("user.company");

    }

运行结果：

总结

从以上示例来看，Spring Boot可以通过@PropertySource,@Value,@Environment,@ConfigurationProperties来绑定变量。