python-learning01 - pip使用

1. 安装pip

rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
yum install python-pip

• pip 之所以能够成为最流行的包管理工具，优势：

  • pip显示已安装列表的功能;

  • 兼容virtualenv;

  • pip 可以通过 requirements.txt集中管理依赖;

  • pip 能够处理二进制格式(.whl);

  • pip是先下载后安装，如果安装失败，也会清理干净，不会留下一个中间状态。

2. 配置pip

• pip国内的一些镜像

第三方	源地址
阿里云	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学	https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
豆瓣(douban)	http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
清华大学	https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
中国科学技术大学	http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

• 修改源方法

临时调用

#可以在使用pip的时候在后面加上-i参数，指定pip源
pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

写入配置文件

mkdir  ~/.pip/

cat >> ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
EOF

升级pip，也可以检验pip是否安装成功

[root@zhanghao .php]# pip install -U pip 
Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/07/f7d7ced2f97ca3098c16565efbe6b15fafcba53e8d9bdb431e09140514b0/pip-19.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 95kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
    Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2
Successfully installed pip-19.2.2

3. pip使用姿势

从下面命令可以看出我们虚拟环境中安装的模块

(zh-pyenv) [python@k8s-master-210 cmdb]$ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5.3/envs/zh-pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)
(zh-pyenv) [python@k8s-master-210 cmdb]$ cd /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5.3/envs/zh-pyenv/lib/python3.5/
[python@k8s-master-210 python3.5]$ ls
site-packages
[python@k8s-master-210 python3.5]$ cd site-packages/
[python@k8s-master-210 site-packages]$ ls
__pycache__  easy_install.py  pip  pip-9.0.1.dist-info    pkg_resources  redis  redis-2.10.6.dist-info  setuptools  setuptools-28.8.0.dist-info

3.1 使用参数

pip < command > [options]

command	含义
install	安装安装包
download	下载安装包
uninstall	卸载安装包
freeze	requirements格式输出安装包，可以到其他服务器上执行 pip install -r requirements.txt直接安装软件
list	列出已经安装的包
show	显示包的具体信息
search	查找对应的包
wheel	打包成whell格式
hash	计算包的hash值
completion	生成命令补全配置
help	显示帮助文档

3.2 安装paramiko模块

• 安装模块

[root@localhost ~]# pip install paramiko 
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting paramiko
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/4b/80/74dace9e48b0ef923633dfb5e48798f58a168e4734bca8ecfaf839ba051a/paramiko-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (199kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 307kB/s 
Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3 (from paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ad/36/9a0227d048e98409f012570f7bef8a8c2373b9c9c5dfbf82963cbae05ede/bcrypt-3.1.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (59kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 105kB/s 
Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1 (from paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/b3/25/e605574f24948a8a53b497744e93f061eb1dbe7c44b6465fc1c172d591aa/PyNaCl-1.3.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (762kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 768kB 315kB/s 
Collecting cryptography>=2.5 (from paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/e6/68/50698ce24c61db7d44d93a5043c621a0ca7839d4ef9dff913e6ab465fc92/cryptography-2.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.3MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.3MB 2.9MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.4.1 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from bcrypt>=3.1.3->paramiko) (1.9.0)
Collecting cffi>=1.1 (from bcrypt>=3.1.3->paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/8d/e9/0c8afd1579e5cf7bc0f06fbcd7cdb954cbc0baadd505973949a99337da1c/cffi-1.12.3-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (415kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 419kB 3.1MB/s 
Collecting enum34; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=2.5->paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/c5/db/e56e6b4bbac7c4a06de1c50de6fe1ef3810018ae11732a50f15f62c7d050/enum34-1.1.6-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting asn1crypto>=0.21.0 (from cryptography>=2.5->paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ea/cd/35485615f45f30a510576f1a56d1e0a7ad7bd8ab5ed7cdc600ef7cd06222/asn1crypto-0.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (101kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 643kB/s 
Collecting ipaddress; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=2.5->paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/fc/d0/7fc3a811e011d4b388be48a0e381db8d990042df54aa4ef4599a31d39853/ipaddress-1.0.22-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.1->bcrypt>=3.1.3->paramiko)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/68/9e/49196946aee219aead1290e00d1e7fdeab8567783e83e1b9ab5585e6206a/pycparser-2.19.tar.gz (158kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 1.4MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pycparser, cffi, bcrypt, pynacl, enum34, asn1crypto, ipaddress, cryptography, paramiko
  Running setup.py install for pycparser ... done
Successfully installed asn1crypto-0.24.0 bcrypt-3.1.7 cffi-1.12.3 cryptography-2.7 enum34-1.1.6 ipaddress-1.0.22 paramiko-2.6.0 pycparser-2.19 pynacl-1.3.0

• 显示paramiko

[root@localhost ~]# pip show paramiko 
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Name: paramiko
Version: 2.6.0
Summary: SSH2 protocol library
Home-page: https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/
Author: Jeff Forcier
Author-email: [email protected]
License: LGPL
Location: /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Requires: bcrypt, pynacl, cryptography
Required-by: 

• 基于当前环境生成requirements.txt

pip freeze > requirements.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cat requirements.txt 
asn1crypto==0.24.0
backports.ssl-match-hostname==3.4.0.2
bcrypt==3.1.7
cffi==1.12.3
chardet==2.2.1
configobj==4.7.2
cryptography==2.7
decorator==3.4.0
enum34==1.1.6
ethtool==0.8
iniparse==0.4
ipaddress==1.0.22
lxml==3.2.1
M2Crypto==0.21.1
Magic-file-extensions==0.2
paramiko==2.6.0
pciutils==1.7.3
perf==0.1
pycparser==2.19
pycurl==7.19.0
pygobject==3.22.0
pygpgme==0.3
pyliblzma==0.5.3
PyNaCl==1.3.0
pyOpenSSL==0.13.1
python-augeas==0.5.0
python-dateutil==1.5
python-dmidecode==3.12.2
python-linux-procfs==0.4.9
pyudev==0.15
pyxattr==0.5.1
redhat-access-insights==1.0.13
requests==2.6.0
rhnlib==2.5.65
rhsm==1.19.9
schedutils==0.4
six==1.9.0
slip==0.4.0
slip.dbus==0.4.0
subscription-manager==1.19.21
urlgrabber==3.10
urllib3==1.10.2
yum-metadata-parser==1.1.4

4. 安装iptyon

pip install ipython

###4.1 安装 jupyter

pip install ipython

• notebook

jutyter notebook help
jupyter password
## 修改web端的密码
jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0 
#默认ip是绑定在127.0.0.1的这里修改为0.0.0.0

• 启动之后会监听在8888端口

(zh-pyenv) [python@k8s-master-210 cmdb]$ jupyter notebook password
Enter password: 
Verify password: 
[NotebookPasswordApp] Wrote hashed password to /home/python/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.json
(zh-pyenv) [python@k8s-master-210 cmdb]$ jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0
[I 06:41:41.287 NotebookApp] Writing notebook server cookie secret to /home/python/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/notebook_cookie_secret
[I 06:41:41.665 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /home/python/zhanghao/project/cmdb
[I 06:41:41.665 NotebookApp] 0 active kernels
[I 06:41:41.665 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at:
[I 06:41:41.665 NotebookApp] http://0.0.0.0:8888/
[I 06:41:41.665 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[W 06:41:41.666 NotebookApp] No web browser found: could not locate runnable browser.

###4.2 web效果