react 随笔4 (Hooks)

参考文档:http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/09/react-hooks.html

react在线编辑器:https://codesandbox.io/s/funny-forest-ncv8b

1、useState

import React, { useState } from "react";

export default function  Button()  {
  const  [buttonText, setButtonText] =  useState("Click me,   please");

  function handleClick()  {
    return setButtonText("Thanks, been clicked!");
  }

  return  <button  onClick={handleClick}>{buttonText}</button>;
}

2、useEffect

useEffect(()  =>  {
  // Async Action
}, [dependencies])

//下面是个demo
const Person = ({ personId }) => {
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
  const [person, setPerson] = useState({});

  useEffect(() => {
    setLoading(true); 
    fetch(`https://swapi.co/api/people/${personId}/`)
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(data => {
        setPerson(data);
        setLoading(false);
      });
  }, [personId])

  if (loading === true) {
    return <p>Loading ...</p>
  }

  return <div>
    <p>You're viewing: {person.name}</p>
    <p>Height: {person.height}</p>
    <p>Mass: {person.mass}</p>
  </div>
}

3、useContext

//初步就是使用React Context API,在组件外部建立一个Context。
const AppContext = React.createContext({});
//组件封装代码如下。
<AppContext.Provider value={{
  username: 'superawesome'
}}>
  <div className="App">
    <Navbar/>
    <Messages/>
  </div>
</AppContext.Provider>
//Navbar组件的代码如下。
const Navbar = () => {
  const { username } = useContext(AppContext);
  return (
    <div className="navbar">
      <p>AwesomeSite</p>
      <p>{username}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
//顶部代码中,useContext()钩子函数用来重新发布上下文对象,从中获取username属性。

消息组件的代码也类似。
const Messages = () => {
  const { username } = useContext(AppContext)

  return (
    <div className="messages">
      <h1>Messages</h1>
      <p>1 message for {username}</p>
      <p className="message">useContext is awesome!</p>
    </div>
  )
}

4、useReducer

//下面是一个计数器的例子。用于计算状态的Reducer函数如下。
const myReducer = (state, action) => {
  switch(action.type)  {
    case('countUp'):
      return  {
        ...state,
        count: state.count + 1
      }
    default:
      return  state;
  }
}
//组件代码如下。
function App() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(myReducer, { count:   0 });
  return  (
    <div className="App">
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'countUp' })}>
        +1
      </button>
      <p>Count: {state.count}</p>
    </div>
  );
}

由于Hooks可以提供共享状态和Reducer函数,所以它在这些方面可以取代Redux。但是,它没法提供中间件(middleware)和时间旅行(time travel),如果你需要这两个功能,还是要用Redux 。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/zhengyulu/p/12906148.html