在Android开发中网络请求是最常用的操作之一， Android SDK中对HTTP(超文本传输协议)也提供了很好的支持，这里包括两种接口:
1、HttpURLConnection，可以实现简单的基于URL请求、响应功能；
2、HttpClient，使用起来更方面更强大，使用方便，但是不易于扩展(不推荐使用)。
但在android API23的SDK中Google将HttpClient移除了。Google建议使用httpURLconnection进行网络访问操作。
HttpURLconnection是基于http协议的，支持get，post，put，delete等各种请求方式，最常用的就是get和post，下面针对这两种请求方式进行讲解。
以下是自己对HttpURLconnection进行了封装。
HttpUtils代码：
public class HttpUtils {
private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
private static final int HTTP_CONNECT_TIME=5000;
private static final int HTTP_READ_TIME=10000;
/**
* GET请求返回数据会解析成字符串String
* @param context context
* @param urlPath 请求的路径
* @param listener listener
*/
public static void doGet(final Context context, final String urlPath,
final StringCallbackListener listener) {
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
URL url;
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
// 根据URL地址创建URL对象
url = new URL(urlPath);
// 获取HttpURLConnection对象
httpURLConnection = ( HttpURLConnection ) url.openConnection();
// 设置请求方式，默认为GET
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置连接超时
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(HTTP_CONNECT_TIME);
// 设置读取超时
httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(HTTP_READ_TIME);
// 响应码为200表示成功
if ( httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200 ) {
// 获取网络的输入流
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
String line = "";
while ( (line = bf.readLine()) != null ) {
buffer.append(line);
}
is.close();
bf.close();
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doSuccess(buffer.toString());
} else {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(
new NetworkErrorException("response error code:" +
httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()));
}
} catch ( MalformedURLException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} catch ( IOException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} finally {
if ( httpURLConnection != null ) {
// 释放资源
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
});
}
/**
* GET请求返回数据会解析成byte[]数组
* @param context context
* @param urlPath 请求的url
* @param listener 回调监听
*/
public static void doGet(final Context context, final String urlPath,
final BytesCallbackListener listener) {
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
URL url = null;
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
// 根据URL地址创建URL对象
url = new URL(urlPath);
// 获取HttpURLConnection对象
httpURLConnection = ( HttpURLConnection ) url.openConnection();
// 设置请求方式，默认为GET
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置连接超时
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(HTTP_CONNECT_TIME);
// 设置读取超时
httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(HTTP_READ_TIME);
// 响应码为200表示成功，否则失败。
if ( httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() != 200 ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(
new NetworkErrorException("response error code:" +
httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()));
} else {
// 获取网络的输入流
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
// 读取输入流中的数据
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ( (len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1 ) {
baos.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
bis.close();
is.close();
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doSuccess(baos.toByteArray());
}
} catch ( MalformedURLException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} catch ( IOException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} finally {
if ( httpURLConnection != null ) {
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
});
}
/**
* GET请求返回数据会解析成字符串 String
* @param context context
* @param urlPath 请求的路径
* @param listener 回调监听
* @param params 参数列表
*/
public static void doPost(final Context context,
final String urlPath, final StringCallbackListener listener,
final Map<String, Object> params) {
final StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
if(buffer.length()!=0){
buffer.append("&");
}
buffer.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
}
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
URL url;
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
url = new URL(urlPath);
httpURLConnection = ( HttpURLConnection ) url.openConnection();
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String
.valueOf(buffer.length()));
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(HTTP_CONNECT_TIME);
httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(HTTP_READ_TIME);
// 设置运行输入
httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置运行输出
httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());
// 发送请求参数
printWriter.write(buffer.toString());
// flush输出流的缓冲
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
if ( httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200 ) {
// 获取网络的输入流
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
//最好在将字节流转换为字符流的时候 进行转码
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
String line = "";
while ( (line = bf.readLine()) != null ) {
buffer.append(line);
}
bf.close();
is.close();
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doSuccess(buffer.toString());
} else {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(
new NetworkErrorException("response error code:" +
httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()));
}
} catch ( MalformedURLException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} catch ( IOException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} finally {
if ( httpURLConnection != null ) {
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
});
}
/**
* GET请求 返回数据会解析成Byte[]数组
* @param context context
* @param urlPath 请求的路径
* @param listener 回调监听
* @param params 参数列表
*/
public static void doPost(final Context context,
final String urlPath, final BytesCallbackListener listener,
final Map<String, Object> params) {
final StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
if(buffer.length()!=0){
buffer.append("&");
}
buffer.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
}
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
URL url;
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
url = new URL(urlPath);
httpURLConnection = ( HttpURLConnection ) url.openConnection();
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String
.valueOf(buffer.length()));
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(HTTP_CONNECT_TIME);
httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(HTTP_READ_TIME);
// 设置运行输入
httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置运行输出
httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());
// 发送请求参数
printWriter.write(buffer.toString());
// flush输出流的缓冲
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
if ( httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200 ) {
// 获取网络的输入流
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
// 读取输入流中的数据
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ( (len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1 ) {
baos.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
bis.close();
is.close();
// 响应的数据
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doSuccess(baos.toByteArray());
} else {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(
new NetworkErrorException("response error code:" +
httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()));
}
} catch ( MalformedURLException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} catch ( IOException e ) {
if ( listener != null ) {
new ResponseCall(context, listener).doFail(e);
}
} finally {
if ( httpURLConnection != null ) {
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
});
}
}
ResponseCall<T> 代码：
public class ResponseCall<T> {
private static final int FAIL = 0;
private static final int SUCCESS = 1;
private Handler mHandler;
public ResponseCall(Context context, final BytesCallbackListener listener) {
Looper looper = context.getMainLooper();
mHandler = new Handler(looper) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
if ( msg.what == FAIL ) {
//成功
listener.onSuccess(( byte[] ) msg.obj);
} else if ( msg.what == SUCCESS ) {
//失败
listener.onError(( Exception ) msg.obj);
}
}
};
}
public ResponseCall(Context context, final StringCallbackListener listener) {
Looper looper = context.getMainLooper();
mHandler = new Handler(looper) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
if ( msg.what == FAIL ) {
//成功
listener.onSuccess(msg.obj.toString());
} else if ( msg.what == SUCCESS ) {
//失败
listener.onError(( Exception ) msg.obj);
}
}
};
}
public void doSuccess(T response) {
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.obj = response;
message.what = FAIL;
mHandler.sendMessage(message);
}
public void doFail(Exception e) {
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.obj = e;
message.what = SUCCESS;
mHandler.sendMessage(message);
}
}
BytesCallbackListener:
public interface BytesCallbackListener {
// 网络请求成功
void onSuccess(byte[] response);
// 网络请求失败
void onError(Exception e);
}
StringCallbackListener:
public interface StringCallbackListener {
// 网络请求成功
void onSuccess(String response);
// 网络请求失败
void onError(Exception e);
}
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