【Linux】CentOS 7下python3的下载、安装、环境变量配置

参考文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/lianxiaopang/article/details/78492829
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoerjun/p/9837029.html
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43868754/article/details/104800827

一. 下载与安装 python3.6.8

1. 下载

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz

2. 关联库安装

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

3. 解压，编译，安装

tar -zxvf Python-3.6.8.tgz                # 解压
cd Python-3.6.8                           # 进入解压后的目录

# 编译，安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make 
make install                      

安装成功会有如下输出：

4. 创建python3和pip3的软连接（易错！！！）

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

二. 创建python3的虚拟环境

1. 安装virtualenv、virtualenvwrapper（建议使用豆瓣源加速安装！！！）

pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple virtualenv
pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple virtualenvwrapper

2. 进入~/.bashrc文件中，定义virtualenvwrapper路径（易错！！！）

vim ~/.bashrc

export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=/usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv
source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

3. 运行.bashrc文件

source ~/.bashrc

4. 创建虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv python3

5. 启动虚拟环境

workon python3

三. 工程根目录配置与模块导入

详情请见：Linux中Python模块导入