13、JAVA常见类(Scanner类、String类)

Scanner类

Scanner(InputStream source) 
构造一个新的 Scanner ,产生从指定输入流扫描的值。 

录入整数的方法

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入一个整数:");
            Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
            //Scanner对象必须是新的,否则第一次录入的是非整数时,下一次循环if的条件表达式永远为false
            if (sc.hasNextInt()) {
                int num = sc.nextInt();
                System.out.println(num);
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("您输入的数据类型不正确,请重新输入。");
            }
        }
    }
}

next和nextLine方法的区别

class MyDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int index = 3;
        while (index-- > 0) {
            if (sc.hasNextLine()) {
                String s = sc.nextLine();
                //录入一行字符串,遇到空格会录入进s,nextLine方法的结束符只是Enter键,即nextLine()方法返回的是Enter键之前的
                //所有字符,它是可以得到带空格的字符串的
                System.out.println("s = " + s);
            }
        }
        /*
        I am a student. Do you think so?
        s = I am a student. Do you think so?
        哈哈,nextLine()方法的结束符只有enter键
        s = 哈哈,nextLine()方法的结束符只有enter键
        果然是这样,空格可以录入吧  Tab也可以录入吧	果然可以
        s = 果然是这样,空格可以录入吧  Tab也可以录入吧	果然可以
         */
        /*
        Enter
        s =
        Enter
        s =
        Enter
        s =
         */
        /*
        nextLine()会录入Enter键之前的所有字符
         */
    }
}

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int times = 10;
        while (times-- > 0) {
            if (sc.hasNext()) {
                String next = sc.next();
                //next()读取到有效字符后才可以结束输入,对输入有效字符之前遇到的空格键、Tab键或Enter键等结束符,
                //next()方法会自动将其去掉,只有在输入有效字符之后,next()方法才将其后输入的空格键、Tab键或Enter键等视为分隔符或结束符
                //next()不会读取空格、Tab、Enter
                System.out.println("next = " + next);
            }
        }
        /*
        I am a student, she is my girlfriend. do you think so?
        next = I
        next = am
        next = a
        next = student,
        next = she
        next = is
        next = my
        next = girlfriend.
        next = do
        next = you
         */
        /*
        I am a student.
        next = I
        next = am
        next = a
        next = student.
        She is my girlfriend, do
        next = She
        next = is
        next = my
        next = girlfriend,
        next = do
        you think so?
        next = you
         */
    }
}

nextLine()方法

public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String next = sc.next();
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("next = " + next + ", s = " + s);
        /*
              前面有空格,在next下不会录入   该nextLine了
        next = 前面有空格,在next下不会录入, s =    该nextLine了
         */
        /*
        next()只会录入有效字符,有效字符之前的空格、Tab、Enter都不会录入,开始录入有效字符之后,一旦遇到空格、Tab将作为分隔符,一旦遇到Enter将作为结束符
        nextLine()会录入回车符前面的所有字符,包括空格、Tab,Enter是nextLine()的结束符
         */
    }
}

class MyDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String next = sc.next();
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        String s1 = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("next = " + next + " , s = " + s + " , s1 = " + s1);
        /*
        home
        next = home , s =
        输入完home后直接回车
        next()读不到回车的,而是将回车作为结束符,并且留给了nextLine(),nextLine()毫不客气,直接读入,然后结束
         */
        /*
        如果要录入Enter键后面的字符串,建议在后面再加一条nextLine()
        */
        /*
        next
        s1读取的我
        next = next , s =  , s1 = s1读取的我
         */
    }
}

String类

String类的构造方法

String() 
String(String original) 
String(byte[] bytes) 
//字节数组
String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) 
//字节数组的一部分
String(char[] value) 
//字符数组
String(char[] value, int offset, int count) 
//字符数组的一部分
package org.westos.demo;

/**
 * 1、String类的构造方法
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/26 19:29
 */
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = new String();
        //空参的构造方法
        System.out.println(s1);
        //
        //打印对象,默认调用toString方法

        byte[] bytes = {97, 98, 99, 100, 101};
        String s2 = new String(bytes);
        //字节数组
        System.out.println(s2.toString());
        //abcde

        String s3 = new String(bytes, 1, 3);
        //字节数组的一部分,byte[],int offset,int length
        System.out.println(s3);
        //bcd

        char[] chars = {'S', 'h', 'a', 'w', 'n', 'Y', 'u', 'e'};
        String s4 = new String(chars);
        //字符数组
        System.out.println(s4);
        //ShawnYue

        String s5 = new String(chars, 0, 5);
        //字符数组的一部分,char[],int offset,int length
        System.out.println(s5);
        //Shawn
    }
}

String类介绍

1、Java程序中所有的字符串字面值("abc")都可以作为此类的实例实现;(可以调用方法)

2、字符串是常量,它们的值在创建后不能更改

class MyDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int length = "abc".length();
        //获取字符串的长度
        System.out.println(length);
        //3

        String s = "hello";
        //存储在字符串常量池
        s = "world" + "java";
        //字面量 + 字面量,还在字符串常量池
        System.out.println(s);
        //s引用可以变,但是字符串的值不能改变
    }
}

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String hello_world = new String("hello");
        //这句代码创建了几个对象,2个
    }
}

String类的面试题

package org.westos.demo;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/29 18:53
 */
public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = new String("Hello World");
        String s2 = new String("Hello World");
        System.out.println(s1 == s2);
        //false
        //判断对象地址,每new一个对象都是在堆内存开辟一块空间
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
        //true
        //判断对象内容

        String s3 = new String("Hello World");
        String s4 = "Hello World";
        System.out.println(s3 == s4);
        //false
        //判断对象地址,一个在堆区,一个在字符串常量池,当然不等
        System.out.println(s3.equals(s4));
        //true
        //判断对象内容

        String s5 = "Hello World";
        String s6 = "Hello World";
        System.out.println(s5 == s6);
        //true
        //判断对象地址,两个都在字符串常量池,地址相同
        System.out.println(s5.equals(s6));
        //true
        //判断对象内容
    }
}
String s1 = "hello" 和 String s2 = new String("hello") 两种方式创建对象的区别?
当我们采用"字符串字面值"这种方式来定义一个字符串的时候,他会先去字符串常量池去查找有没有有该字符串,如果没有,就构建这个字符串;如果有,就把字符串常量池中这个字符串的地址值,赋值给这个新的引用,从而栈区的两个变量指向同一块内存。

当采用new对象的方式时,同样先会去字符串常量池查看是否存在该字符串,如果不存在,则先在字符串常量池创建该字符串,然后再在堆区new一个String对象,指向字符串常量池的该字符串;如果存在,则直接在堆区new对象,指向字符串常量池的该字符串。

String类的方法

与判断相关的方法

package org.westos.demo;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/27 18:41
 */
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean b1 = "abc".equals("ABC");
        System.out.println(b1);
        //false
        //区分大小写

        boolean b2 = "abc".equalsIgnoreCase("ABC");
        System.out.println(b2);
        //true
        //不区分大小写

        boolean empty = "".isEmpty();
        System.out.println(empty);
        //true
        //判断字符串是否为空串
        //boolean b3 = "".length() == 0;

        boolean b3 = "abc".startsWith("a");
        System.out.println(b3);
        //true
        //判断字符串是否是以"a"开头

        boolean b4 = "abc".endsWith("c");
        System.out.println(b4);
        //true
        //判断字符串是否是以"c"结尾

        boolean b5 = "abcdefg".contains("cde");
        System.out.println(b5);
        //true
        //判断字符串是否包含某个子串
    }
}

/**
 * 模拟登录,三次机会
 */
class MyDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String username = "张三";
        String password = "123456";
        int index = 3;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (index-- > 0) {
            System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
            String name = sc.next();
            System.out.println("请输入密码:");
            String pwd = sc.next();
            if (username.equals(name) && password.equals(pwd)) {
                System.out.println("登录成功");
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("用户名或密码错误,请重新输入。你还有" + index + "次机会。");
            }
        }
    }
    /*
    请输入用户名:
    李四
    请输入密码:
    123456
    用户名或密码错误,请重新输入。你还有2次机会。
    请输入用户名:
    王五
    请输入密码:
    123456
    用户名或密码错误,请重新输入。你还有1次机会。
    请输入用户名:
    张三
    请输入密码:
    123456
    登录成功
     */
}

与获取相关的方法

package org.westos.demo;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/27 18:59
 */
public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int length = "abc".length();
        System.out.println(length);
        //3
        //获取字符串的长度

        char c = "abcdefg".charAt(3);
        System.out.println(c);
        //d
        //根据索引获取单个字符

        int index = "abcdabcd".indexOf('c');
        System.out.println(index);
        //2
        //获取单个字符第一次出现的索引
        int index2 = "abcdabcd".indexOf('c', 3);
        System.out.println(index2);
        //6
        //从fromIndex位置开始找单个字符第一次出现的索引
        int index3 = "abcdabcd".indexOf("cd");
        System.out.println(index3);
        //2
        //获取子串第一次出现的索引
        int index4 = "abcdabcd".indexOf("cd", 3);
        System.out.println(index4);
        //6
        //从fromIndex位置开始找子串第一次出现的索引

        int index5 = "abcdabcd".indexOf('e');
        System.out.println(index5);
        //-1
        //当没有找到时返回-1
    }
}

class MyDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int index = "abcdabcd".lastIndexOf('d');
        System.out.println(index);
        //7
        //从后向前查找单个字符第一次出现的索引
        int index2 = "abcdabcd".lastIndexOf('d', 6);
        System.out.println(index2);
        //3
        //从指定位置开始从后向前找单个字符第一次出现的索引
        int index3 = "abcdabcd".lastIndexOf("bc");
        System.out.println(index3);
        //5
        //从后向前查找子串第一次出现的索引
        int index4 = "abcdabcd".lastIndexOf("bc", 4);
        System.out.println(index4);
        //1


        //截取字符串
        String s = "我在人民广场吃炸鸡,而此时此刻你在哪里?";
        String substring = s.substring(0, 9);
        System.out.println(substring);
        //我在人民广场吃炸鸡
        //[beginIndex, endIndex)
        String substring1 = s.substring(3);
        System.out.println(substring1);
        //民广场吃炸鸡,而此时此刻你在哪里?
        //[beginIndex, arr.length)

        //遍历字符串
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            System.out.println(s.charAt(i));
        }
    }
}

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //判断一个字符在一个字符串中只出现过一次
        String s = "abcdabc";
        int index = s.indexOf('d');
        int index2 = s.lastIndexOf('d');
        System.out.println(index == index2);
        //true
    }
}

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //统计一个字符串中大写字母字符,小写字母字符,数字字符出现的次数。(不考虑其他字符)
        String str = "asdfaASFfdcfdf144149855001asdfasAFdcdf";
        int upperCase = 0;
        int lowerCase = 0;
        int digital = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            char c = str.charAt(i);
            if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
                lowerCase++;
            } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
                upperCase++;
            } else {
                digital++;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("大写字母:" + upperCase + ",小写字母:" + lowerCase + ",数字:" + digital);
        //大写字母:5,小写字母:21,数字:12
    }
}

与转换相关的方法

package org.westos.demo;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/27 20:09
 */
public class MyTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        byte[] bytes = "abcdefg".getBytes();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));
        //[97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103]
        //把一个字符串转换为字节数组

        String s = new String(bytes);
        System.out.println(s);
        //abcdefg
        //把字节数组转换为字符串

        int length = "我".getBytes().length;
        System.out.println(length);
        //3
        //一个中文汉字UTF-8编码为3Byte

        char[] chars = "abcdefg".toCharArray();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(chars));
        //[a, b, c, d, e, f, g]
        //字符串转为字符数组

        String s1 = new String(chars);
        String s9 = String.valueOf(chars);
        System.out.println(s1);
        //abcdefg
        //字符数组转字符串


        String s2 = String.valueOf(12);
        //int
        String s3 = String.valueOf(12L);
        //long
        String s4 = String.valueOf(12.0);
        //double
        String s5 = String.valueOf(12.0f);
        //float
        String a = String.valueOf('a');
        //char
        String s6 = String.valueOf(true);
        //boolean
        String s7 = String.valueOf(chars);
        //char[]
        String s8 = String.valueOf(new Object());
        //Object
    }
}

class MyDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "abcdefg".toUpperCase();
        System.out.println(s);
        //ABCDEFG
        //小写字母转大写字母

        String s1 = "ABCDEFG".toLowerCase();
        System.out.println(s1);
        //abcdefg
        //把大写字母转换为小写

        String s2 = "abcd".concat("efg");
        System.out.println(s2);
        //abcdefg
        //字符串拼接
    }
}

class Demo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*
        把字符串的首字母转大写,其余字母转小写
         */
        String s = "aBCDEFG";
        String concat = String.valueOf(s.charAt(0)).toUpperCase().concat(s.substring(1).toLowerCase());
        System.out.println(concat);
        //Abcdefg
    }
}

与替换有关的方法

package org.westos.demo;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/27 20:43
 */
public class MyTest4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "奥利奥和薯愿是我的伙伴。";
        String replace = s.replace('和', '与');
        System.out.println(replace);
        //奥利奥与薯愿是我的伙伴。
        //替换单个字符

        String replace1 = s.replace("奥利奥", "三只松鼠").replace("薯愿", "乐事");
        System.out.println(replace1);
        //三只松鼠和乐事是我的伙伴。
        //替换字符串

        String str = "   前面有空格,后面有空格   ";
        String trim = str.trim();
        System.out.println(trim);
        //前面有空格,后面有空格
        //去掉字符串的两端空格

        int i = "abc".compareTo("ABC");
        System.out.println(i);
        //32  'a' = 97, 'A' = 65
        //大于
        //比较字符串:按照ASCII码表来比的

        int j = "abc".compareTo("abcdef");
        System.out.println(j);
        //-3
        //如果ASCII码表不能比较出来,那么比较长度

        int k = "abc".compareToIgnoreCase("ABCDEF");
        System.out.println(k);
        //-3
        //不区分大小写
    }
}

练习题

package org.westos.test;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/27 21:01
 */
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String username = "     zha   ng  san    ";

        //去除字符串左端的空格
        int left = 0;
        int right = username.length();
        char[] value = username.toCharArray();
        char target = ' ';
        while ((left < right) && (value[left] == target)) {
            left++;
        }
        String substring = username.substring(left);
        System.out.println(substring);
    }
}

class MyDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String username = "     zha   ng  san    ";

        //去除字符串右端的空格
        int left = 0;
        int right = username.length();
        char[] value = username.toCharArray();
        char target = ' ';
        while ((left <= right) && (value[right - 1] == target)) {
            right--;
        }
        String substring = username.substring(left, right);
        System.out.println(substring);
    }
}

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String username = "     zha   ng  san    ";

        //去除字符串中间的空格
        int left = 0;
        int right = username.length();
        char[] value = username.toCharArray();
        char target = ' ';
        while ((left < right) && (value[left] == target)) {
            left++;
        }
        String str1 = username.substring(0, left);
        while ((left < right) && (value[right - 1] == target)) {
            right--;
        }
        String str2 = username.substring(right);
        String replace = username.substring(left, right).replace(String.valueOf(target), "");
        String concat = str1.concat(replace).concat(str2);
        System.out.println(concat);
    }
}
package org.westos.test;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/4/30 11:34
 */
public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //把数组中的数据按照指定个格式拼接成一个字符串
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
        String res = "[";
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if (i == arr.length - 1) {
                res = res.concat(arr[i] + "]");
                break;
            }
            res = res.concat(arr[i] + ", ");
        }
        System.out.println(res);
    }
}
class MyDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //字符串反转,键盘录入abc,反转结果cba
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要反转的字符串:");
        String source = sc.nextLine();
        char[] value = source.toCharArray();
        String target = "";
        int index = 0;
        int length = value.length - 1;
        while (index <= length) {
            target = target.concat(String.valueOf(value[length]));
            length--;
        }
        System.out.println("反转后的字符串为:" + target);
    }
}
class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //统计大串中小串出现的次数"woaijavawozhenaijavawozhendeaijavawozhendehenaijavaxinbuxinwoaijavagun”中java出现了5次
        String source = "woaijavawozhenaijavawozhendeaijavawozhendehenaijavaxinbuxinwoaijavagun";
        String target = "java";
        int count = 0;
        int start = 0;
        int end = source.length();
        while (start < end) {
            start = source.indexOf(target, start);
            if (start != -1) {
                count++;
            } else {
                break;
            }
            start += target.length();
        }
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/shawnyue-08/p/12808111.html