一.搭建LNMP基本架构
1.L(http) N(nginx) M(mysql) P(php)
2.安装顺序 Mysql-->PHP-->Nginx
3.安装包
nginx-1.4.4
httpd-2.4.27
php-5.3.22
mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-i6864.安装mysql数据库
（1）解压mysql压缩包
tar zxvf mysql.tar.gz
（2）将mysql目录移动/usr/下。
mv mysql目录 /usr/local/mysql
（3）在mysql目录下，创建目录，作为datadir（数据目录）
mkdir /data/mysql
（4）创建mysql用户，不允许登陆，不创建家目录。
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
（5）将/data/mysql/目录所属组所属主给mysql用户。
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
（6）将配置文件存放到/etc/my.conf覆盖。
cp /mysql目录/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
（7）修改配置文件
vim进入/etc/my.conf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
------------------------------------------
常用参数：
Port #监听端口
Socket #通信方式
Key_buffer_size #mysql内存使用大小
Log-bin=mysql-bin #记录二进制日志，注释掉。
Binlog_format=mixed #日志相关参数，注释掉。
Server_id=1 #主从复制参数，注释掉。（8）将服务的启动脚本放入/etc/init.d/下。
cp /mysql目录/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
（9）修改启动文件。
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mysql/master.pid
------------------------------------------
basedir #定义程序所在路径
bindir #定义数据库启动路径（10）在mysql目录下初始化mysql服务，看到两个ok就没问题。
mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
报错1：Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决：yum install –y libai*
报错2：Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决：yum install –y numactl-*（11）查看是否生成mysql，test。
mysql]# ls /data/mysql
（12）启动mysql。
mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
报错1：Starting MySQL.... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).
解决：[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql . （13）查看mysql进程。
ps aux|grep mysql
（14）开启mysql命令终端Mysql>。
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
报错1：ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
解决：ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.（15）设置开机自启动
chkconfig --list | grep mysql #查看是否存在mysql服务。
chkconfig --add mysqld #添加mysqld服务
chkconfig mysqld on #打开开机自启动
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
注：测试启动mysql
（16）添加环境变量赋值。可使用mysql命令直接启动。在当前终端生效。
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin[root]# mysql #测试登陆
（17）设置所有终端都可访问。
vim /etc/profile
#文件最下面输入
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/binsource /etc/profile #即时生效
（18）设置mysql管理员密码。
mysqladmin -uroot password ’123456‘
mysql -u root -p #登陆
注：再次登陆应输入管理员，与密码。
（19）mysql下添加普通用户赋予管理权限，对应主机，与密码。
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost' identified by 'discuz';
5.安装PHP
（1）解压php压缩包。
tar xvzf php-5.3.22.tar.gz
（2）创建PHP禁止登陆用户。
useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
（3）进入php目录下。
cd php-5.3.22
（4）编译安装PHP。
php-5.3.22]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --enable-zend-multbyte --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl
yum -y install gcc
yum -y install libxml2-devel*
yum -y install bzip2-devel*
yum -y install curl curl-devel
yum -y install libjpeg-devel
yum -y install openssl-devel*
yum -y install freetype-devel*
yum -y install libpng-devel
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel*
#没有安装包需要下载源码包
#安装编译包
注：如果报错可同过 yum list | grep 报错名 ：来查找需要安装的包php-5.3.22]#make #编译
php-5.3.22]#make install #编译安装
（5）拷贝php配置文件。
php-5.3.22]#cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
（6）修改PHP配置文件，将off改为on。
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
short_open_tag = on
（6）拷贝启动脚本。
php-5.3.22]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
（7）赋予php-fpm文件权限。
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
（8）启动php服务。
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
报错1：ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf'
解决：进入/usr/local/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf（9）查看PHP进程。
ps aux | grep php
注：Ss是主进程 S是子进程
（10）查看PHP监听端口。
注：查看监听端口9000
6.安装nginx
（1）解压Nginx压缩包。
tar xvzf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz
（2）进入Nginx目录。
cd nginx-1.4.4
（3）Nginx编译安装
nginx-1.4.4]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre
（3）报错
报错1：error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
解决：yum install -y pcre-devel
报错2: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using –without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using –with-zlib=<path> option.
解决：yum install -y zlib-devel
make #编译
make install #编译安装
（4）启动Nginx程序
nginx-1.4.4]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
（5）查看Nginx进程
ps aux | grep nginx
（6）关闭防火墙，SELINUX
service iptables stop
getenforce 0
（7）测试Nginx
二.论坛安装
1.Nginx配置文件调试
（1）调试Nginx主配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 4096; #处理的连接数
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server { #虚拟主机
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / { #配置网站所在的路径
root /usr/local/url; #网站根目录
index index.html index.htm index.php; #首页索引类型
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/local/url;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#解开注释调用php
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/local/url; #网站路径(修改)
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #指定通信代理（可改为soket）
fastcgi_index index.php; #指定主页索引页
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/usl$fastcgi_script_name; #脚本所在路径 (修改)
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
（2）测试Nginx配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
注：yntax is ok 没问题！
（3）加载配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
