%交叉操作函数  cross.m
function [A,B]=cross(A,B)
L=length(A);
if L<10
    W=L;
elseif ((L/10)-floor(L/10))>=rand&&L>10
    W=ceil(L/10)+8;
else
    W=floor(L/10)+8;
end
%%W为需要交叉的位数
p=unidrnd(L-W+1);%随机产生一个交叉位置
%fprintf('p=%d ',p);%交叉位置
for i=1:W
    x=find(A==B(1,p+i-1));
    y=find(B==A(1,p+i-1));
    [A(1,p+i-1),B(1,p+i-1)]=exchange(A(1,p+i-1),B(1,p+i-1));
    [A(1,x),B(1,y)]=exchange(A(1,x),B(1,y));
end

end

对调函数 exchange.m

function [x,y]=exchange(x,y)
temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
 
end

适应度函数fit.m

function fitness=fit(len,m,maxlen,minlen)
fitness=len;
for i=1:length(len)
    fitness(i,1)=(1-(len(i,1)-minlen)/(maxlen-minlen+0.0001)).^m;
end

变异函数 Mutation.m

function a=Mutation(A)
index1=0;index2=0;
nnper=randperm(size(A,2));
index1=nnper(1);
index2=nnper(2);
%fprintf('index1=%d ',index1);
%fprintf('index2=%d ',index2);
temp=0;
temp=A(index1);
A(index1)=A(index2);
A(index2)=temp;
a=A;

end

染色体的路程代价函数 mylength.m

function len=myLength(D,p)%p是一个排列
[N,NN]=size(D);
len=D(p(1,N),p(1,1));
for i=1:(N-1)
    len=len+D(p(1,i),p(1,i+1));
end
end

连点画图函数 plot_route.m

function plot_route(a,R)
scatter(a(:,1),a(:,2),'rx');
hold on;
plot([a(R(1),1),a(R(length(R)),1)],[a(R(1),2),a(R(length(R)),2)]);
hold on;
for i=2:length(R)
    x0=a(R(i-1),1);
    y0=a(R(i-1),2);
    x1=a(R(i),1);
    y1=a(R(i),2);
    xx=[x0,x1];
    yy=[y0,y1];
    plot(xx,yy);
    hold on;
end
end

main函数

%main
clear;
clc;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%输入参数%%%%%%%%
N=25;               %%城市的个数
M=100;               %%种群的个数
ITER=2000;               %%迭代次数
%C_old=C;
m=2;                %%适应值归一化淘汰加速指数
Pc=0.8;             %%交叉概率
Pmutation=0.05;       %%变异概率
%%生成城市的坐标
pos=randn(N,2);
%%生成城市之间距离矩阵
D=zeros(N,N);
for i=1:N
    for j=i+1:N
        dis=(pos(i,1)-pos(j,1)).^2+(pos(i,2)-pos(j,2)).^2;
        D(i,j)=dis^(0.5);
        D(j,i)=D(i,j);
    end
end

%%生成初始群体

popm=zeros(M,N);
for i=1:M
    popm(i,:)=randperm(N);%随机排列，比如[2 4 5 6 1 3]
end
%%随机选择一个种群
R=popm(1,:);
figure(1);
scatter(pos(:,1),pos(:,2),'rx');%画出所有城市坐标
axis([-3 3 -3 3]);
figure(2);
plot_route(pos,R);      %%画出初始种群对应各城市之间的连线
axis([-3 3 -3 3]);
%%初始化种群及其适应函数
fitness=zeros(M,1);
len=zeros(M,1);

for i=1:M%计算每个染色体对应的总长度
    len(i,1)=myLength(D,popm(i,:));
end
maxlen=max(len);%最大回路
minlen=min(len);%最小回路

fitness=fit(len,m,maxlen,minlen);
rr=find(len==minlen);%找到最小值的下标，赋值为rr
R=popm(rr(1,1),:);%提取该染色体，赋值为R
for i=1:N
    fprintf('%d ',R(i));%把R顺序打印出来
end
fprintf('\n');

fitness=fitness/sum(fitness);
distance_min=zeros(ITER+1,1);  %%各次迭代的最小的种群的路径总长
nn=M;
iter=0;
while iter<=ITER
    fprintf('迭代第%d次\n',iter);
    %%选择操作
    p=fitness./sum(fitness);
    q=cumsum(p);%累加
    for i=1:(M-1)
        len_1(i,1)=myLength(D,popm(i,:));
        r=rand;
        tmp=find(r<=q);
        popm_sel(i,:)=popm(tmp(1),:);
    end 
    [fmax,indmax]=max(fitness);%求当代最佳个体
    popm_sel(M,:)=popm(indmax,:);

    %%交叉操作
    nnper=randperm(M);
%    A=popm_sel(nnper(1),:);
 %   B=popm_sel(nnper(2),:);
    %%
    for i=1:M*Pc*0.5
        A=popm_sel(nnper(i),:);
        B=popm_sel(nnper(i+1),:);
        [A,B]=cross(A,B);
  %      popm_sel(nnper(1),:)=A;
  %      popm_sel(nnper(2),:)=B; 
         popm_sel(nnper(i),:)=A;
         popm_sel(nnper(i+1),:)=B;
    end

    %%变异操作
    for i=1:M
        pick=rand;
        while pick==0
             pick=rand;
        end
        if pick<=Pmutation
           popm_sel(i,:)=Mutation(popm_sel(i,:));
        end
    end

    %%求适应度函数
    NN=size(popm_sel,1);
    len=zeros(NN,1);
    for i=1:NN
        len(i,1)=myLength(D,popm_sel(i,:));
    end

    maxlen=max(len);
    minlen=min(len);
    distance_min(iter+1,1)=minlen;
    fitness=fit(len,m,maxlen,minlen);
    rr=find(len==minlen);
    fprintf('minlen=%d\n',minlen);
    R=popm_sel(rr(1,1),:);
    for i=1:N
        fprintf('%d ',R(i));
    end
    fprintf('\n');
    popm=[];
    popm=popm_sel;
    iter=iter+1;
    %pause(1);

end
%end of while

figure(3)
plot_route(pos,R);
axis([-3 3 -3 3]);
figure(4)
plot(distance_min);