优先级 操作符 描述 例子 结合性
1 ()
[]
->
.
::
++
-- 调节优先级的括号操作符
数组下标访问操作符
通过指向对象的指针访问成员的操作符
通过对象本身访问成员的操作符
作用域操作符
后置自增操作符
后置自减操作符 (a + b) / 4;
array[4] = 2;
ptr->age = 34;
obj.age = 34;
Class::age = 2;
for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) ...
for( i = 10; i > 0; i-- ) ... 从左到右
2 !
~
++
--
-
+
*
&
(type)
sizeof 逻辑取反操作符
按位取反(按位取补)
前置自增操作符
前置自减操作符
一元取负操作符
一元取正操作符
解引用操作符
取地址操作符
类型转换操作符
返回对象占用的字节数操作符 if( !done ) ...
flags = ~flags;
for( i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) ...
for( i = 10; i > 0; --i ) ...
int i = -1;
int i = +1;
data = *ptr;
address = &obj;
int i = (int) floatNum;
int size = sizeof(floatNum); 从右到左
3 ->*
.* 在指针上通过指向成员的指针访问成员的操作符
在对象上通过指向成员的指针访问成员的操作符 ptr->*var = 24;
obj.*var = 24; 从左到右
4 *
/
% 乘法操作符
除法操作符
取余数操作符 int i = 2 * 4;
float f = 10 / 3;
int rem = 4 % 3; 从左到右
5 +
- 加法操作符
减法操作符 int i = 2 + 3;
int i = 5 - 1; 从左到右
6 <<
>> 按位左移操作符
按位右移操作符 int flags = 33 << 1;
int flags = 33 >> 1; 从左到右
7 <
<=
>
>= 小于比较操作符
小于或等于比较操作符
大于比较操作符
大于或等于比较操作符 if( i < 42 ) ...
if( i <= 42 ) ...
if( i > 42 ) ...
if( i >= 42 ) ... 从左到右
8 ==
!= 等于比较操作符
不等于比较操作符 if( i == 42 ) ...
if( i != 42 ) ... 从左到右
9 & 按位与操作符 flags = flags & 42; 从左到右
10 ^ 按位异或操作符 flags = flags ^ 42; 从左到右
11 | 按位或操作符 flags = flags | 42; 从左到右
12 && 逻辑与操作符 if( conditionA && conditionB ) ... 从左到右
13 || 逻辑或操作符 if( conditionA || conditionB ) ... 从左到右
14 ? : 三元条件操作符 int i = (a > b) ? a : b; 从右到左
15 =
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
&=
^=
|=
<<=
>>= 赋值操作符
复合赋值操作符(加法)
复合赋值操作符(减法)
复合赋值操作符(乘法)
复合赋值操作符(除法)
复合赋值操作符(取余)
复合赋值操作符(按位与)
复合赋值操作符(按位异或)
复合赋值操作符(按位或)
复合赋值操作符(按位左移)
复合赋值操作符(按位右移) int a = b;
a += 3;
b -= 4;
a *= 5;
a /= 2;
a %= 3;
flags &= new_flags;
flags ^= new_flags;
flags |= new_flags;
flags <<= 2;
flags >>= 2; 从右到左
16 , 逗号操作符 for( i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j++ ) ... 从左到右
记忆方法：
--摘自《C语言程序设计实用问答》
问题：如何记住运算符的15种优先级和结合性？
解答：C语言中运算符种类比较繁多，优先级有15种，结合性有两种。
如何记忆两种结合性和15种优先级？下面讲述一种记忆方法。
结合性有两种，一种是自左至右，另一种是自右至左，大部分运算符的结合性是自左至右，只有单目运算符、三目运算符的赋值运算符的结合性自右至左。
优先级有15种。记忆方法如下：
记住一个最高的：构造类型的元素或成员以及小括号。
记住一个最低的：逗号运算符。
剩余的是一、二、三、赋值。
意思是单目、双目、三目和赋值运算符。
在诸多运算符中，又分为：
算术、关系、逻辑。
两种位操作运算符中，移位运算符在算术运算符后边，逻辑位运算符在逻辑运算符的前面。再细分如下：
算术运算符分 *，/，%高于+，-。
关系运算符中，〉，〉=，<，<=高于==，！=。
逻辑运算符中，除了逻辑求反（！）是单目外，逻辑与（&&）高于逻辑或（||）。
逻辑位运算符中，除了逻辑按位求反（~）外，按位与（&)高于按位半加（^)，高于按位或（|）。
这样就将15种优先级都记住了，再将记忆方法总结如下：
去掉一个最高的，去掉一个最低的，剩下的是一、二、三、赋值。双目运算符中，顺序为算术、关系和逻辑，移位和逻辑位插入其中。
C++操作符的优先级 及其记忆方法
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