校验字段功能
针对一个实例:注册用户。
模型:models.py
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
'''
用户信息
'''
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
telephone = models.CharField(verbose_name='手机', max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name='头像路径', upload_to='avatars/', default='/avatars/default.png')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Meta:
verbose_name = '用户信息'
模板: register.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="user">用户名</label>
<p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="pwd">密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="email">邮箱</label>
<p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
</div>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
视图函数:register
# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets
#配置参数
wid_text=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control register-input"})
wid_pwd=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control register-input"})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_text,
label='用户名:',
error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'},
)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
min_length=8,
widget=wid_pwd,
label='密码:',
error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'},
)
re_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
min_length=8,
widget=wid_pwd,
label='确认密码',
error_messages={'required': '确认密码不能为空'},
)
email=forms.EmailField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_text,
label='邮箱:',
error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空'},
)
telephone=forms.CharField(max_length=11,
min_length=11,
widget=wid_text,
label='手机:',
error_messages={'required': '手机号码不能为空'},
)
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid(): #返回布尔值,是否校验成功
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return HttpResponse("OK")
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
渲染标签功能
渲染方式1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="">用户名</label>
{{ form.name }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">密码</label>
{{ form.pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">确认密码</label>
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for=""> 邮箱</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
渲染方式2
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
渲染方式3
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
显示错误与重置输入信息功能
视图
需要在 UserForm 类中配置error_messages={“错误类型”:“错误信息”}的错误信息,
即可显示自己想要的错误信息
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" id="register_form">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class="register-area">
<label for="{{ field.auto_id }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
<span class="error pull-right"></span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div class="register-area">
<label for="id_avatar" class="avatar-label" >头像:
<img src="/static/blog/img/default_avatar.jpg" alt="" id="avatar_img">
</label>
<input type="file" name="avatar" id="id_avatar" class="hide">
</div>
</form>
局部钩子与全局钩子
模板
# forms组件
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from blog.models import *
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
wid_text=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control register-input"})
wid_pwd=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control register-input"})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_text,
label='用户名:',
error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'},
)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
min_length=8,
widget=wid_pwd,
label='密码:',
error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'},
)
re_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
min_length=8,
widget=wid_pwd,
label='确认密码',
error_messages={'required': '确认密码不能为空'},
)
email=forms.EmailField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_text,
label='邮箱:',
error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空'},
)
telephone=forms.CharField(max_length=11,
min_length=11,
widget=wid_text,
label='手机:',
error_messages={'required': '手机号码不能为空'},
)
#局部钩子
def clean_username(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get('username')
if val:
# 判断用户名是不是纯数字
if not val.isdigit():
# 判断用户名是否存在
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=val).first()
if user:
raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
else:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError('用户名不能全为数字')
def clean_pwd(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
if val:
# 判断密码是否是纯数字
if not val.isdigit():
return val
else:
raise ValidationError('密码不能使纯数字')
#全局钩子
def clean(self):
pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
re_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd')
if pwd==re_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError('两次密码必须保持一致')
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
视图
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
<span class="pull-right" style="color: red">
{% if field.label == 'R pwd' %}
<span>{{ clean_error.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
{{ field.errors.0 }}
</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
字段校验内容
Field
required=True, 是否允许为空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直)
validators=[], 自定义验证规则
localize=False, 是否支持本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以编辑
label_suffix=None Label内容后缀
CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 总长度
decimal_places=None, 小数位长度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 时间格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12
DurationField(Field) 时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正则表达式
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
error_message=None, 忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件
ImageField(FileField)
...
注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow
以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点:
- form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件,默认select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中
path, 文件夹路径
match=None, 正则匹配
recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹
allow_files=True, 允许文件
allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用
SlugField(CharField) 数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符)
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型