推导类型变量：/Zc:auto[-] compiler option tells the compiler how to use the auto keyword to declare variables.‘ data-guid="0be6182f1ca27bd1ea991f3f06584d3b">编译器选项指示编译器如何使用 auto 关键字来声明变量。 如果指定默认选项 /Zc:auto，编译器从其初始化表达式中推导声明的变量的类型。 如果指定 /Zc:auto-，编译器将该变量分配给自动存储类。
使用示例：
auto root = new TreeNode(*pre_first); 这里root为 TreeNode *
auto inRootPos = find(in_first,in_last,*pre_first); 这里inRootPos 为 int
auto leftSize = distance(in_first,inRootPos); 这里leftsize 为 int
static：
它是C，C++中都存在的关键字，它主要有三种使用方式，其中前两种只指在C语言中使用，第三种在C++中使用。
(1)局部静态变量
(2)外部静态变量/函数
(3)静态数据成员/成员函数
局部静态变量
与auto类型(普通)局部变量相比, static局部变量有三点不同：
1. 存储空间分配不同，auto类型分配在栈上，属于动态存储类别，占动态存储区空间，函数调用结束后自动释放；而static分配在静态存储区，在程序整个运行期间都不释放。两者之间的作用域相同，但生存期不同。
2. static局部变量在所处模块的初次运行时进行初始化工作，且只初始化一次。
3. 对于局部静态变量，如果不赋初值，编译期会自动赋初值0或空字符；而auto类型的初值是不确定的。(对于C++中的class对象例外，class的对象实例如果不初始化，则会自动调用默认构造函数，不管是否是static类型)
二、外部静态变量/函数
在C中static有了第二种含义：用来表示不能被其它文件访问的全局变量和函数。为了限制全局变量/函数的作用域，函数或变量前加static使得函数成为静态函数。但此处“static”的含义不是指存储方式，而是指对函数的作用域仅局限于本文件(所以又称内部函 数)。注意此时，对于外部(全局)变量，不论是否有static限制，它的存储区域都是在静态存储区，生存期都是全局的。此时的static只是起作用域限制作用，限定作用域在本模块(文件)内部。使用内部函数的好处是：不同的人编写不同的函数时，不用担心自己定义的函数，是否会与其它文件中的函数同名。
三、静态数据成员／成员函数(C++特有)
C++重用了这个关键字，并赋予它与前面不同的第三种含义：表示属于一个类而不是属于此类的任何特定对象的变量和函数。这是与普通成员函数的最大区别，也是其应用所在。比如在对某一个类的对象进行计数时，计数生成多少个类的实例，就可以用到静态数据成员。在这里面，static既不是限定作用域的，也不是扩展生存期的作用，而是指示变量/函数在此类中的唯一性。这也是“属于一个类而不是属于此类的任何特定对象的变量和函数”的含义。因为它是对整个类来说是唯一的，因此不可能属于某一个实例对象的。(针对静态数据成员而言，成员函数不管是否是static，在内存中只有一个副本，普通成员函数调用时，需要传入this指针，static成员函数调用时，没有this指针)
注意：
不能将union成员声明为static的，然而，对于全局的匿名union，必须显式的声明为static。
register关键字：
只有函数参数和局部变量可被声明为register。意思是，在可能的情况下，该变量被存储在CPU寄存器中。register变量和auto变量一样，它的生命周期只维持在它所声明的块中。编译器并不赞成程序员指定register变量。实际的情况是，编译器会根据全局优化的需要自动决定是否采用register类型。
extern关键字：
extern用在声明语句中表示该对象或变量是在其它编译单元中(不能说是其它文件，因为有些文件，如头文件不是编译单元)定义的；如果用在定义语句中，表示该变量对外部可见。
注意extern与#include作用的区别：
例1，使用extern：
//out.h
int a = 10;
//out.cpp
#include "out.h"
//example.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
extern int a;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
编译链接流程：
由于out.cpp文件引用了out.h文件，所以out.cpp文件的内容变成了int a = 10;，编译时生成编译单元out.obj(out.o)，其中定义了变量a。example.cpp文件中出现了对a的引用cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;，但该文件中没有a的定义(extern int a;只是一个声明)，而且包含的头文件中也没有，但是由于有声明extern int a;，表明a是在其它编译单元中定义的，编译不出错。最后链接器在编译单元out.obj(out.o)中找到a的定义，建立连接关系，生成最后的exe文件。该工程中有两个编译单元，最后链接成一个exe文件。
例2，使用#include：
//out.h
int a = 20;
//example.cpp
#include "out.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
编译链接流程：
example.cpp文件中出现了对a的引用cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;，但该文件中没有a的定义，但是包含的头文件out.h中有，这样在编译之前，头文件out.h展开到example.cpp文件中，相当于example.cpp文件中定义了a(int a = 20;)，编译成功。最后链接器链接编译单元生成最后的exe文件。该工程中只有一个编译单元，最后链接成一个exe文件。
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