Android Studio实现简单的音乐播放(播放、暂停、停止、上一首、下一首)

Android Studio实现简单的音乐播放(播放、暂停、停止、上一首、下一首)

简要介绍

采用Service组件实现后台播放,BroadcastReceiver实现消息传递。BroadcastReceiver是一种全局监听器,可以让不同组件之间进行通信。下面展示一个基于Service组件的音乐盒,音乐由后台运行的service组件播放,当后台播放状态改变时,通过发送广播通知前台Activity更新界面;当用户单击前台Activity界面按钮,发送广播通知后台Service改变播放状态。

界面效果

未播放

播放

页面文件:main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/play"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/play"/>
        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/stop"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/stop"/>
        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/pre"
            android:layout_width="38dp"
            android:layout_height="41dp"
            android:src="@android:drawable/ic_media_previous" />
        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/next"
            android:layout_width="38dp"
            android:layout_height="41dp"
            android:src="@android:drawable/ic_media_next" />
        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="fill_parent">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title"
                android:layout_width="83dp"
                android:layout_height="16dp"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="marquee"
                android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
                android:textColor="#000000"
                android:textSize="25dp" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/author"
                android:layout_width="83dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="center_vertical"
                android:textSize="15dp" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seekBar1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:thumb="@drawable/ic_action_search" />
    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seekBar2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:thumb="@drawable/ic_action_search" />
</LinearLayout>

MusicService.java

其中实现播放、暂停和停止使用一个status记录当前状态实现效果。而实现上一首、下一首的功能时,首先assets文件夹里导入了三首歌曲,music数组中也只有着三组数据,使用current记录下标,而上一首、下一首的关键点在于越界,当current<=0和current>=3的情况,以上一首到达current=0时为例,设置current指向数组最后一项,即music.length-1。普通情况下点击上一首,current只需减一,然后播放当前current所指歌曲即可。下一首的实现类似,也就是current>=3的情况。

package com.example.musicbox;

import java.io.IOException;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.media.MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MusicService extends Service implements Runnable {
    MyReceiver serviceReceiver;
    AssetManager am;
    String[] musics = new String[] { "wish.mp3", "promise.mp3", "beautiful.mp3" };
    public static MediaPlayer mPlayer;
    // 当前的状态,0x11 代表没有播放 ;0x12代表 正在播放;0x13代表暂停
    int status = 0x11;
    // 记录当前正在播放的音乐
    int current = 0;

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        am = getAssets();
        // 指定该BroadcastReceiver能匹配的Intent

        // 创建BroadcastReceiver
        serviceReceiver = new MyReceiver();
        // 创建IntentFilter
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(MusicBox.CTL_ACTION);
        registerReceiver(serviceReceiver, filter);
        // 创建MediaPlayer
        mPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
        // 为MediaPlayer播放完成事件绑定监听器
        mPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new OnCompletionListener() // ①
        {
            @Override
            public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                current++;
                MusicBox.audioSeekBar.setMax(0);
                if (current >= 3) {
                    current = 0;
                }
                // 发送广播通知Activity更改文本框
                Intent sendIntent = new Intent(MusicBox.UPDATE_ACTION);
                sendIntent.putExtra("current", current);
                // 发送广播 ,将被Activity组件中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
                sendBroadcast(sendIntent);
                prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
            }
        });
        super.onCreate();
    }

    public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(final Context context, Intent intent) {
            int control = intent.getIntExtra("control", -1);
            switch (control) {
                // 播放或暂停
                case 1:
                    // 原来处于没有播放状态
                    if (status == 0x11) {
                        // 准备、并播放音乐
                        prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    // 原来处于播放状态
                    else if (status == 0x12) {
                        // 暂停
                        mPlayer.pause();
                        // 改变为暂停状态
                        status = 0x13;
                    }
                    // 原来处于暂停状态
                    else if (status == 0x13) {
                        // 播放
                        mPlayer.start();
                        // 改变状态
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    break;
                // 停止声音
                case 2:
                    // 如果原来正在播放或暂停
                    if (status == 0x12 || status == 0x13) {
                        // 停止播放
                        mPlayer.stop();
                        status = 0x11;
                    }
                case 3:
                //上一首切换
                    if (current <= 0) {
                        //停止播放
                        mPlayer.stop();
                        //修改current
                        current = musics.length-1;
                        //播放
                        prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    else{
                        mPlayer.stop();
                        current--;
                        prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    break;
                //下一首切换
                case 4:
                    if (current >= 2) {
                        mPlayer.stop();
                        current = 0;
                        prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    else{
                        mPlayer.stop();
                        current++;
                        prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
                        status = 0x12;
                    }
                    break;
            }
            // 发送广播通知Activity更改图标、文本框
            Intent sendIntent = new Intent(MusicBox.UPDATE_ACTION);
            sendIntent.putExtra("update", status);
            sendIntent.putExtra("current", current);
            // 发送广播 ,将被Activity组件中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
            sendBroadcast(sendIntent);
        }
    }

    private void prepareAndPlay(String music) {
        try {
            // 打开指定音乐文件
            AssetFileDescriptor afd = am.openFd(music);
            mPlayer.reset();
            // 使用MediaPlayer加载指定的声音文件。
            mPlayer.setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor(),
                    afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength());
            // 准备声音
            mPlayer.prepare();
            // 播放
            mPlayer.start();
            // 设置进度条最大值
            MusicBox.audioSeekBar.setMax(MusicService.mPlayer.getDuration());
            new Thread(this).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 刷新进度条
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int CurrentPosition = 0;
        int total = mPlayer.getDuration();
        while (mPlayer != null && CurrentPosition < total) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                if (mPlayer != null) {
                    CurrentPosition = mPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            MusicBox.audioSeekBar.setProgress(CurrentPosition);
        }
    }
}

MusicBox.java

package com.example.musicbox;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MusicBox extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
    // 获取界面中显示歌曲标题、作者文本框
    TextView title, author;
    // 播放/暂停、停止按钮
    ImageButton play, stop,pre,next;
    // 声明音量管理器
    public AudioManager mAudioManager = null;
    // 定义进度条
    public static SeekBar audioSeekBar = null;
    // 定义音量大小
    public SeekBar audioVolume = null;
    ActivityReceiver activityReceiver;
    public static final String CTL_ACTION = "org.crazyit.action.CTL_ACTION";
    public static final String UPDATE_ACTION = "org.crazyit.action.UPDATE_ACTION";
    // 定义音乐的播放状态,0x11代表没有播放;0x12代表正在播放;0x13代表暂停
    int status = 0x11;
    String[] titleStrs = new String[] { "心愿", "约定", "美丽新世界" };
    String[] authorStrs = new String[] { "未知艺术家", "周蕙", "伍佰" };

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        // 获取程序界面界面中的两个按钮
        play = (ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.play);
        stop = (ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.stop);
        title = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title);
        author = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.author);
        audioVolume = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBar2);
        audioSeekBar = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBar1);
        pre=(ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.pre);
        next=(ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.next);

        // 为两个按钮的单击事件添加监听器
        play.setOnClickListener(this);
        stop.setOnClickListener(this);
        pre.setOnClickListener(this);
        next.setOnClickListener(this);

        // 播放进度监听
        audioSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBarChangeEvent());
        // 退出后再次进去程序时,进度条保持持续更新
        if (MusicService.mPlayer != null) {
            // 设置进度条的最大值
            MusicBox.audioSeekBar.setMax(MusicService.mPlayer.getDuration());
            audioSeekBar.setProgress(MusicService.mPlayer.getCurrentPosition());
        }
        // 得到当前音量对象
        mAudioManager = (AudioManager) getSystemService(AUDIO_SERVICE);
        // 把当前音量值赋给进度条
        audioVolume.setProgress(mAudioManager
                .getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC));
        // 监听音量
        audioVolume.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new AudioVolumeChangeEvent());

        activityReceiver = new ActivityReceiver();
        // 创建IntentFilter
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        // 指定BroadcastReceiver监听的Action
        filter.addAction(UPDATE_ACTION);
        // 注册BroadcastReceiver
        registerReceiver(activityReceiver, filter);

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MusicService.class);
        // 启动后台Service
        startService(intent);
    }

    // 音量监听
    class AudioVolumeChangeEvent implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener {

        @Override
        public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress,
                                      boolean fromUser) {
            mAudioManager.setStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, progress,
                    0);
        }

        @Override
        public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

        }

        @Override
        public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

        }

    }

    // 播放进度监听,别忘了Service里面还有个进度条刷新
    class SeekBarChangeEvent implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener {

        @Override
        public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
            // 假设改变源于用户拖动
            if (fromUser) {
                MusicService.mPlayer.seekTo(progress);
                // 当进度条的值改变时,音乐播放器从新的位置开始播放
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
            MusicService.mPlayer.pause();
        }

        @Override
        public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
            MusicService.mPlayer.start();
        }

    }

    // 自定义的BroadcastReceiver,负责监听从Service传回来的广播
    public class ActivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // 获取Intent中的update消息,update代表播放状态
            int update = intent.getIntExtra("update", -1);
            // 获取Intent中的current消息,current代表当前正在播放的歌曲
            int current = intent.getIntExtra("current", -1);
            if (current >= 0) {
                title.setText(titleStrs[current]);
                author.setText(authorStrs[current]);
            }
            switch (update) {
                case 0x11:
                    play.setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
                    status = 0x11;
                    break;
                // 控制系统进入播放状态
                case 0x12:
                    // 播放状态下设置使用暂停图标
                    play.setImageResource(R.drawable.pause);
                    // 设置当前状态
                    status = 0x12;
                    break;
                // 控制系统进入暂停状态
                case 0x13:
                    // 暂停状态下设置使用播放图标
                    play.setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
                    // 设置当前状态
                    status = 0x13;
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View source) {
        // 创建Intent
        Intent intent = new Intent("org.crazyit.action.CTL_ACTION");
        switch (source.getId()) {
            // 按下播放/暂停按钮
            case R.id.play:
                intent.putExtra("control", 1);
                break;
            // 按下停止按钮
            case R.id.stop:
                intent.putExtra("control", 2);
                break;
            //按下上一首按钮
            case R.id.pre:
                intent.putExtra("control", 3);
                break;
            //按下上一首按钮
            case R.id.next:
                intent.putExtra("control", 4);
                break;
        }
        // 发送广播,将被Service组件中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
}

可能遇到的问题:
由于现在的android版本的不同,androidx可能会导致出错,简单看下我的build.gradle(Module:app)文件。可以将gradle.properties中的android.useAndroidX=true以及android.enableJetifier=true注释掉。

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1'
}

github源码:MusicBox

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