MySQL5.7 主从同步环境搭建

一、准备环境：(一主一从)

数据库	ip
主库	192.168.87.133
从库	192.168.87.134

1.1 两台虚拟机均安装MySQL5.7。（mysqladmin --version）

参考：

1.2成功安装后，创建两个数据库。

数据库脚本：

(1)创建数据库
#创建数据库user_db
CREATE DATABASE `user_db` CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_general_ci';

(2)在user_db中创建t_user表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`fullname` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户姓名',
`user_type` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户类型',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

2.配置

2.1主库配置：

vim /etc/my.cnf

注意：（错误配置）

网上很多博客是如下这么配置的。我刚开始也是这么配置的，配置完毕，重启mysql是启动不了。

[mysqld]
#开启日志
log‐bin = mysql‐bin
#设置服务id，主从不能一致
server‐id = 1
#设置需要同步的数据库
binlog‐do‐db=user_db
#屏蔽系统库同步
binlog‐ignore‐db=mysql
binlog‐ignore‐db=information_schema
binlog‐ignore‐db=performance_schema

提示使用systemctl status mysqld.service和journalctl -xe查看错误信息；

并且使用命令：cat /var/log/mysqld.log 查看mysql日志，会报如下类似错误：

2019-12-25T13:34:26.236167Z 0 [ERROR] unknown variable 'binlog‐do‐db=user_db'
2019-12-25T13:34:26.236192Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

正确配置（完整配置）：（不是使用-，而改用_）

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

validate_password=off
max_connect_errors=1000
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

##################主从配置的新增部分
#开启日志文件
log_bin=mysql-bin
#设置服务id，主从不能一致
server_id=1
#设置需要同步的数据库
binlog_do_db=user_db
##屏蔽系统库同步
binlog_ignore_db=mysql
binlog_ignore_db=information_schema
binlog_ignore_db=performance_schema


# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

按照正确配置完后，重启mysql服务；使用命令：systemctl restart mysqld

2.2从库配置：（完整配置)

[mysqld]

validate_password=off
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

#开启日志
log_bin=mysql‐bin
#设置服务id，主从不能一致
server_id=2
#设置需要同步的数据库
replicate_wild_do_table=user_db.%
#屏蔽系统库同步
replicate_wild_ignore_table=mysql.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=information_schema.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=performance_schema.%


# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

按照正确配置完后，重启mysql服务；使用命令：systemctl restart mysqld

2.3 查看log_bin是否成功开启（主、从库都可查询下）

3.创建用于复制的用户（主库）

#切换至主库bin目录，登录主库，输入密码
mysql ‐uroot ‐p 

#授权主备复制专用账号
grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'%' identified by '123456';

#刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

#确认位点 记录下文件名以及位点
show master status;

截图：（用命令show master status;查出的东西，后面从库配置需要用到）

4.设置从库向主库同步数据、并检查链路

#切换至从库bin目录，登录从库（输入密码）
mysql ‐uroot ‐p

#先停止同步
STOP SLAVE;

#修改从库指向到主库，使用上一步记录的文件名以及位点
CHANGE MASTER TO
master_host = '192.168.87.133',
master_user = 'slave',
master_password = '123456',
master_log_file = 'mysql-bin.000009',
master_log_pos = 582;

#启动同步
START SLAVE;

#查看从库状态Slave_IO_Runing和Slave_SQL_Runing都为Yes说明同步成功，如果不为Yes，请检error_log，#然后排查相关异常。
show slave status\G

######（一般不需要执行）注意： 如果之前此备库已有主库指向 需要先执行以下命令清空#########
STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD FOR CHANNEL '';
reset slave all;

ps:

master_host	master主节点:ip地址
master_user	master主节点:主节点创建的用于复制的账号
master_password	master主节点:主节点创建的用于复制的密码
master_log_file	master主节点：sql命令show master status查询出来的file字段的值
master_log_pos	master主节点：sql命令show master status查询出来的Position字段的值