List
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.commonUnsafe;
import com.mmall.concurrency.annoations.NotThreadSafe;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@Slf4j
@NotThreadSafe
public class ArrayListExample {
// 请求总数
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同时并发执行的线程数
public static int threadTotal = 200;
private static List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
final int count = i;
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
update(count);
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("size:{}", list.size());
}
private static void update(int i) {
list.add(i);
}
}
// 输出
size:4988解决方案一（Vector）
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.syncContainer;
import com.mmall.concurrency.annoations.ThreadSafe;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class VectorExample1 {
// 请求总数
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同时并发执行的线程数
public static int threadTotal = 200;
private static List<Integer> list = new Vector<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
final int count = i;
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
update(count);
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("size:{}", list.size());
}
private static void update(int i) {
list.add(i);
}
}
// 输出
size:5000解决方案二（同步容器：synchronizedList）
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.syncContainer;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.mmall.concurrency.annoations.ThreadSafe;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class CollectionsExample1 {
// 请求总数
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同时并发执行的线程数
public static int threadTotal = 200;
private static List<Integer> list = Collections.synchronizedList(Lists.newArrayList());
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
final int count = i;
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
update(count);
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("size:{}", list.size());
}
private static void update(int i) {
list.add(i);
}
}
// 输出
szie:5000解决方案三（并发容器：CopyOnWriteArrayList）
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.concurrent;
import com.mmall.concurrency.annoations.ThreadSafe;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class CopyOnWriteArrayListExample {
// 请求总数
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同时并发执行的线程数
public static int threadTotal = 200;
private static List<Integer> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
final int count = i;
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
update(count);
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("size:{}", list.size());
}
private static void update(int i) {
list.add(i);
}
}
// 输出
size:5000分析
- CopyOnWriteArrayList 写操作时复制，当有新元素添加到集合中时，从原有的数组中拷贝一份出来，然后在新的数组上作写操作，然后将原来的数组指向新的数组。整个数组的add操作都是在锁的保护下进行的，防止并发时复制多份副本。读操作是在原数组中进行，不需要加锁。
缺点
- 写操作时复制消耗内存
- 不能用于实时读的场景
- 由于复制和add操作等需要时间，故读取时可能读到旧值。
- 能做到最终一致性，但无法满足实时性的要求，更适合读多写少的场景。
- 如果无法知道数组有多大，或者add、set操作有多少，慎用此类。
设计思想
- 读写分离
- 最终一致性
- 使用时另外开辟空间，防止并发冲突
附1：Vector 线程不安全情景
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.syncContainer;
import com.mmall.concurrency.annoations.NotThreadSafe;
import java.util.Vector;
@NotThreadSafe
public class VectorExample2 {
private static Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
while (true) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
vector.add(i);
}
Thread thread1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
vector.remove(i);
}
}
};
Thread thread2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
vector.get(i);
}
}
};
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
}- 输出结果报错，因为 remove 和 get 分别是不同对象调用的不同 sync 方法，很有可能出现 remove 在 get 之前操作。
附2：Vector for & foerach & iterator
package com.mmall.concurrency.example.syncContainer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Vector;
public class VectorExample3 {
// java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
private static void test1(Vector<Integer> v1) { // foreach
for(Integer i : v1) {
if (i.equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
// java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
private static void test2(Vector<Integer> v1) { // iterator
Iterator<Integer> iterator = v1.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Integer i = iterator.next();
if (i.equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
// success
private static void test3(Vector<Integer> v1) { // for
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++) {
if (v1.get(i).equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector<>();
vector.add(1);
vector.add(2);
vector.add(3);
test1(vector);
}
}- 输出结果
- 源码分析，因为 modCount 只要更新操作会被修改导致这里不相等抛出异常。
结论
使用foreach，iterator以及for循环对集合类遍历的同时进行修改
- 在foreach、iterator迭代器循环集合的时候，在遍历过程中尽量不要做更新操作。
- 如果一定要做的话，在遍历过程中，只做标记，遍历完成后再更新。
- 遍历过程中(foeach,iterator)更新会导致ConcurrentModificationException
- 可以用for循环做遍历过程中的增删操作
