spring cloud : 网关Zuul(过滤:安全、监控、限流、路由)

单点搭建

注意：蓝色虚线代表注册；绿色虚线代表调用、红色虚线代表心跳

1. 添加依赖

创建项目tcloud-gateway-zuulserver , pom.xml内容如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<groupId> com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway</groupId>

<artifactId>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<name>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver</name>

<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>

</parent>

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

<java.version>1.8</java.version>

</properties>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>

<version>Camden.SR4</version>

<scope>import</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

</project>

2. 启动类开启zuul

package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableZuulProxy

publicclass ZuulApplication {

publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);

}

3. application.yml配置端口和注册到eurekaserver

server:

port: 8200

spring:

application:

eureka:

client:

service-url:

defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/

instance:

prefer-ip-address:true

4. 效果

启动tcloud-user-eurekaserver 2个实例进程

启动tcloud-user-provider 2个实例进程

启动tcloud-user-consumer 1个实例进程

启动tcloud-gateway-zuulserver

访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/user/hrf ,

请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:9000/user/hrf

访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-provider/getUser ,

请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:8000/getUser

ü 小结

前提条件：

Eureka Server注册的微服务的serviceId 在此处简称ms_id ；

Eureka Server注册的微服务的IP 在此处简称 ms_ip ；

Eureka Server注册的微服务的端口号在此处简称 ms_port 。

Zuul转发规则是：

http://网关IP地址:网关端口号/ms_id/**

会被转发到 =》

http:// ms_ip: ms_port/**

1. 高可用

原理：

Zuul 作为 Eureka Client ，创建多个ZuulEureka Client注册到Eureka Server集群

=>将多个Zuul节点注册到eureka sever

操作：

1.tcloud-gateway-zuulserver修改依赖pom.xml改成:

server:

port: 8200

spring:

application:

eureka:

client:

service-url:

defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/

instance:

prefer-ip-address:true

复制tcloud-gateway-zuulserver 项目，命名tcloud-gateway-zuulserver2修改 pom.xml

server:

port: 8201

spring:

application:

eureka:

client:

service-url:

defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/

instance:

prefer-ip-address:true

启动两个zuul server

=》重启provider和consumer微服务，运行效果和单节点一样

2. 容错：Zuul回退

如果微服务下线了，针对每个微服务，都需要回复一个中文提示，而不是报异常

1. 修改zuul server

1. 针对微服务tcloud-user-consumer添加回退类

package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul.fallback;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;

import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

@Component

public class ConsumerFallbackProvider implements ZuulFallbackProvider {

@Override

public String getRoute() {

// 表明是为哪个微服务提供回退

return "tcloud-user-consumer";

}

@Override

public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {

return new ClientHttpResponse() {

@Override

public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {

// fallback时的状态码

return HttpStatus.OK;

}

@Override

public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {

// 数字类型的状态码，本例返回的其实就是200，详见HttpStatus

return this.getStatusCode().value();

}

@Override

public String getStatusText() throws IOException {

// 状态文本，本例返回的其实就是OK，详见HttpStatus

return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase();

}

@Override

public void close() {

}

@Override

public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {

// 响应体

return new ByteArrayInputStream("tcloud-user-consumer微服务不可用，请稍后再试。".getBytes());

}

@Override

public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {

// headers设定

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

MediaType mt = new MediaType("application","json", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

headers.setContentType(mt);

return headers;

}

};

}

2. 效果

按照如下顺序启动：

=> tcloud-base-eurekaserver

=>tcloud-commons-configserver

=>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver

=>tcloud-user-provider

=>tcloud-user-consumer

关闭：tcloud-user-consumer

访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/log-instance 出现如下效果：

1. 动态路由

参考3.9.4配置文件动态更新,将网关作为一个config client,注册到Eureka、config server ，连接到kafka。

1. Pom.xml添加依赖

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-kafka</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>

</dependency>

2. 添加配置参数

eureka:

client:

service-url:

defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/

instance:

prefer-ip-address:true

server:

port: 8200

spring:

application:

cloud:

stream:

default-binder: kafka

kafka:

binder:

zk-nodes: localhost:2181

brokers: localhost:9092

config:

failFast:true

profile: local

label: develop

discovery:

enabled:true

serviceId: tcloud-commons-config-server

3. 启动类中注册自动配置bean @RefreshScope

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableZuulProxy

@EnableFeignClients

@EnableHystrix

publicclass GatewayApplication {

publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);

}

@RefreshScope

@ConfigurationProperties("zuul")

public ZuulProperties zuulProperties() {

returnnew ZuulProperties();

}

4. 配置路由参数

zuul:

add-host-header:true

routes:

tcloud-security-auth: /auth/**

tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/**

tcloud-gateway: /gateway/**

management:

security:

enabled:false

5. 效果

1. 开启基础服务

开启zookeeper、kafka

2. 写一个微服务测试controller

tcloud-security-auth ，访问地址是：http://localhost:8200/auth/mqtt/profile

@RefreshScope

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/mqtt")

publicclass MqttController {

@Value("${profile}")

private String profile;

@RequestMapping(value = "/profile", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String profile() {

returnprofile;

}

……

3. 修改路由地址

zuul:

add-host-header:true

routes:

tcloud-security-auth: /check/**

tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/**

tcloud-gateway: /gateway/**

management:

security:

enabled:false

4. 请求自动刷新参数

访问: http://localhost:8300/bus/refresh

5. 再次请求

访问：http://localhost:8200/check/mqtt/profile