java中加密算法AES和RSA
文章目录
一、简介
对于机密信息，我们需要加密，这里介绍加密算法在java中的使用。
二、知识点
目前常用的加密算法有对称加密算法与非对称加密算法。
2.1 对称加密算法
在对称加密中，加密方与解密方都共用同一个密钥，也就是加密与解密的密钥是一样的。
特点：
-
通常它的算法公开，加解密速度快。现在常用的AES算法，即advanced encrytion standard，
-
密钥长度，目前可用的是128位。
-
加密的原文长度不限。
2.2 非对称加密
非对称加密，又称公开密钥加密，它有两个密钥，公钥（public key）和私钥（private key），它们是不同的。公钥与私钥是配对使用的，使用公钥加密时，只有对应的私钥才能解开；用私钥加密时，只有对应的公钥才能解开。
特点：
-
通常是接收方先生成一对密钥，即公钥和私钥，然后公钥公开，发送方用公开的公钥加密，密方传给接收方，然后接收方用私钥解密。
-
非对称加密没有对称加密速度快，常用的是RSA算法。
-
RSA通常加密原文较小的串，串越大，keyGen.initialize(n)的n值就相应增大，加密解密速度越慢；
三、实例
3.1 添加base64的maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
3.2 对称加密AES代码实例
public class AESMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String source = "study hard and make progress everyday";
System.out.println("message source : "+source);
/********** 密钥生成方式一： 自动生成密钥 **************/
String keyStr = genKeyAES(); //生成密钥串
System.out.println("AES keyStr : "+keyStr);
SecretKey key = loadKeyAES(keyStr); //根据密钥串获取密钥
// /********** 密钥生成方式二： 指定种子(或者可以说是密码)生成密钥 ***********/
// String password = "123456";
// SecretKey key = genRawKeyAES(password); //根据password获取密钥
// String keyStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded()); //生成密钥串
// System.out.println("AES keyStr : "+keyStr);
//
String encryptStr = encryptAES(source,key); //AES加密
System.out.println("AES encrypt result : " + encryptStr);
String deencryptStr = deencryptAES(encryptStr,key); //AES解密
System.out.println("AES deencrypt result : " +deencryptStr);
}
//生成密钥串
static String genKeyAES() throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGen.init(128);
SecretKey key = keyGen.generateKey();
String keyStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());
return keyStr;
}
//根据password生成密钥串
static String genKeyAES(String password) throws Exception {
SecretKey key = genRawKeyAES(password);
String keyStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());
return keyStr;
}
//根据password生成原始密钥串
static SecretKey genRawKeyAES(String password) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGen.init(128,new SecureRandom(password.getBytes("utf8")));
SecretKey key = keyGen.generateKey();
return key;
}
//根据密钥串获取密钥
static SecretKey loadKeyAES(String keyStr) throws Exception {
SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyStr), "AES");
return key;
}
//AES加密
static String encryptAES(String source, SecretKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(source.getBytes("utf8"));
return Base64.encodeBase64String(result);
}
//AES解密
static String deencryptAES(String source, SecretKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] resultByte = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(source));
String result = new String(resultByte,"utf-8");
return result;
}
}
运行结果：
message source : study hard and make progress everyday
AES keyStr : evD5UdP8LK8UrfrmxGQheA==
AES encrypt result : 1z8zSWmRRFPNb6qoURgFp1c778SzaDqbErrVroDthM5eBXrQTFevAzYmRStK7EPZ
AES deencrypt result : study hard and make progress everyday
3.3 非对称加密算法RSA代码实例
public class RSAMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String source = "study hard and make progress everyday";
System.out.println("message source : "+source);
KeyPair keyPair = getKeyPair(); //生成密钥对
String pubKeyStr = getPubKey(keyPair); //获取公钥串
System.out.println("pubKeyStr : "+pubKeyStr);
String priKeyStr = getPriKey(keyPair); //获取私钥串
System.out.println("priKeyStr : "+priKeyStr);
PublicKey pubKey = loadPubKey(pubKeyStr);//加载公钥
PrivateKey priKey = loadPriKey(priKeyStr);//加载私钥
/**************** 公钥加密 私钥解密********************/
System.out.println("\n/**************** 公钥加密 私钥解密********************/");
String encryptStr = pubEncrypt(source,pubKey); //RSA加密
System.out.println("RSA pubKey encrypt result : " + encryptStr);
String decryptStr = priDecrypt(encryptStr,priKey); //RSA解密
System.out.println("RSA priKey decryptStr result : " +decryptStr);
/**************** 私钥加密 公钥解密********************/
System.out.println("\n/**************** 私钥加密 公钥解密********************/");
encryptStr = priEncrypt(source,priKey); //RSA加密
System.out.println("RSA priKey encrypt result : " + encryptStr);
decryptStr = pubDecrypt(encryptStr,pubKey); //RSA解密
System.out.println("RSA pubKey decryptStr result : " +decryptStr);
}
//生成密钥对
static KeyPair getKeyPair() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyGen.initialize(512); //可以理解为：加密后的密文长度，实际原文要小些 越大 加密解密越慢
KeyPair keyPair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();
return keyPair;
}
//获取公钥Base64字符串
static String getPubKey(KeyPair keyPair){
PublicKey key = keyPair.getPublic();
return Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());
}
//获取私钥Base64字符串
static String getPriKey(KeyPair keyPair){
PrivateKey key = keyPair.getPrivate();
return Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());
}
//根据公钥串获取公钥
static PublicKey loadPubKey(String keyStr) throws Exception {
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyStr));
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PublicKey key = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
return key;
}
//根据私钥串获取私钥
static PrivateKey loadPriKey(String keyStr) throws Exception {
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyStr));
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PrivateKey key = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
return key;
}
/**************** 公钥加密 私钥解密********************/
//使用公钥加密
static String pubEncrypt(String source,PublicKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,key);
return Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(source.getBytes("utf8")));
}
//使用私钥解密
static String priDecrypt(String source,PrivateKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,key);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(source)),"utf8");
}
/**************** 私钥加密 公钥解密********************/
//使用私钥加密
static String priEncrypt(String source,PrivateKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,key);
return Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(source.getBytes("utf8")));
}
//使用公钥解密
static String pubDecrypt(String source,PublicKey key) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,key);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(source)),"utf8");
}
}
运行结果：
message source : study hard and make progress everyday
pubKeyStr : M2wwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAItWYa39aUhRTIXEIBCSfSCp9CvXj/k9STtMv7y5OVD9ILArIf8ZwU+qepahkO40EUJ37IBS3ciiTw7CcS7U7UsCAwEAAQ==
priKeyStr : M2IBUwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT0wggE5AgEAAkEAi1Zhrf1pSFFMhcQgEJJ9IKn0K9eP+T1JO0y/vLk5UP0gsCsh/xnBT6p6lqGQ7jQRQnfsgFLdyKJPDsJxLtTtSwIDAQABAkBeSJNMIl9tWeXH1hBEZntY8OeSCwkXA8tb3vEXCNap37p06hj5d2gqaK/ZkgBqVfY6keCcRqbkOROyxdfCQTjBAiEA49WvON+HhlApKXHhHglz9bmpu+LLp6NGDicTLszfGLECIQCckAMKaWcn8u1V+svGbIBHxiKI+QUBXbbo6sUZt/UkuwIgEDpcLLTfNlXnWKhf3H/X3pzG1jclQl+C0ec+morFKUECIE5CMjLnIvg2FuqOdYOWwrydzq93Akh/hqmAiMtlR7V3AiBVblFmuDimgKb8OWg+2BaWTuKZA/BG9Z8nsT2tqaNuSA==
/**************** 公钥加密 私钥解密********************/
RSA pubKey encrypt result : do1DUKBnm9J49+IhFDqPEI53tGX69kPfPbqYsPPEabm9NYTvNiEEUzjT5w1j1yQtxlz7T2n6QyHKHv0BjZOoqg==
RSA priKey decryptStr result : study hard and make progress everyday
/**************** 私钥加密 公钥解密********************/
RSA priKey encrypt result : S6bEfnsciTRNmdqe3mh9LBUsyYS5Qff6nj2xRxaiyhi2/Frw17snIZfB0rOTSnu7JjamjLZozaJ/WlwdEFcloA==
RSA pubKey decryptStr result : study hard and make progress everyday
