28 May 18 CSS属性

28 May 18

一、今日面试题

# 去重并保持原来的顺序

# 方法一

l1 = [11, 2, 3, 22, 2, 4, 11, 3]

l2 = []

for i in l1:

    if i not in l2:

        l2.append(i)

print(l2)

print("=" * 120)

# 方法二

l3 = list(set(l1))  # 将列表用set去重,再转换回列表(没有按照之前的顺序)

l3.sort(key=l1.index) # 将上一步得到的列表排序,按照l1中的顺序排序

print(l3)

# sort的扩展(使用lambda表达式)

l4 = [

    {"name": "Alex", "age": 38},

    {"name": "Egon", "age": 18},

    {"name": "Nezha", "age": 19},

    {"name": "Yuan", "age": 29},

    {"name": "WuSir", "age": 30},

]

l4.sort(key=lambda x: x["age"])

print(l4)

二、CSS选择器复习及实例

1. CSS是什么:层叠样式表  --> 给HTML添加样式的

2. CSS的语法

    选择器{

       属性1:值1;

       属性2:值2;

    }

3. CSS引入方式

   1. 直接写在HTMl标签里面

   2. 写在style标签里面的

   3. 写在单独的css文件中

4. CSS选择器

   1. 基本选择器

       1. ID选择器  --> #d1 {}

       2. 类选择器  --> .c1 {}

       3. 标签选择器--> a {}

       4. 通用选择器--> * {}

       

   2. 层级选择器

       后代选择器    --> div .c1 {}

       儿子选择器    --> div>.c1 {} 

       毗邻选择器    --> div+.c1 {} 同一级 紧挨着我的那个标签

       弟弟选择器    --> div~.c1 {} 同一级后面所有的

   3. 属性选择器

       有某个属性值的  --> div["title"]

       属性等于某个值的--> input["type"="button"]

   4. 交集、并集选择器

       交集:p.c1

       并集:p,.c1

       

   5. 伪类选择器

       a:hover {

           

       }

       input:focus {

           

       }

   6. 伪元素选择器

       p:before {}

       p:after {}

       p:first-child

       p:last-child

5. CSS选择器的优先级

   1. CSS选择器相同时: 距离标签越近,权重越高!

   2. CSS选择器不同时:

       内联> ID选择器> 类选择器> 元素选择器> 继承的样式

   3. !important   火烧眉毛才用!

6. 三大特性

   1. 继承

   2. 层叠

   3. 优先级

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>CSS选择器练习</title>

   <style>

       /*#d1~.c1 {*/

           /*color: red;*/

       /*}*/

       

       /*.c3~.c1 {*/

           /*color: deeppink;*/

       /*}*/

       

       div~.c1 {

           color: green;

       }

       div+.c1 {

           color: blue;

       }

       

       p:before {

            content: "*";

            color: red;

       }

       p:after {

            content: "?";

            color: blue;

        }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<p class="c1">div前面的c1</p>

<div id="d1" class="c3"></div>

<p class="c1">div后面的c1</p>

<p class="c1">div后面的c1</p>

<p class="c2">div后面的c2</p>

<p class="c1">div后面的c1</p>

<p class="c1">div后面的c1</p>

<div style="color: chocolate">

   <p>aaaaa</p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

快捷操作

ul>li*3>a[s=$]{table a}+span

<ul>

   <li><a href="" s="1">table a</a><span></span></li>

   <li><a href="" s="2">table a</a><span></span></li>

   <li><a href="" s="3">table a</a><span></span></li>

</ul>

三、HTML标签的分类

1. 块级标签(block;自占一行;只有块级标签可以识别宽和高)

   1. div

   2. p

   3. h1~h6

   4. hr

   5. ul>li

   6. table>tr

    

2. 行内标签(inline;行内标签不能识别宽和高;长度由内容决定!)

   1. a

   2. span

   3. i, u, s ...

   4. input

   5. img

3. display: inline-block;

  不独占一行,且可识别width和height
 

Blog链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/7999532.html

四、CSS属性—字体属性

1、宽和高

width属性可以为元素设置宽度。

height属性可以为元素设置高度。

块级标签才能设置宽度,内联标签的宽度由内容来决定。

2、文字字体

font-family可以把多个字体名称作为一个“回退”系统来保存。如果浏览器不支持第一个字体,则会尝试下一个。浏览器会使用它可识别的第一个值。

body {

  font-family:"Microsoft Yahei","微软雅黑", "Arial", sans-serif

}

3、字体大小

p {

  font-size:14px;

}

如果设置成inherit表示继承父元素的字体大小值。

4、字重

font-weight用来设置字体的字重(粗细)。

5、文本颜色

十六进制值- 如: #FF0000

一个RGB值- 如: RGB(255,0,0)

颜色的名称- 如:  red

还有rgba(255,0,0,0.3),第四个值为alpha, 指定了色彩的透明度/不透明度,它的范围为0.0到1.0之间。

/*四种选取颜色的方式*/

           /*color: red;*/

           /*color: #0000FF;*/

           /*color: #00F;*/  #简写

           /*color: rgb(74,83,149);*/

五、CSS属性—文字属性

1、文字对齐

text-align属性规定元素中的文本的水平对齐方式。

left, right, center, justify

2、文字装饰

text-decoration属性用来给文字添加特殊效果。

3、首行缩进

p {

  text-indent:32px;

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>Title</title>

   <style>

       /*a 不能识别width & height,p可以识别width & height*/

       #a2,#p2 {

           width:200px;

           height:200px;

           color:red;

       }

       /*font-family如果不设置,用系统默认的*/

       body {

         font-family:"Microsoft Yahei", "微软雅黑", "Arial", sans-serif

       }

       #p2 {

           font-size:24px;

           font-weight:bold;

           /*四种选取颜色的方式*/

           /*color: red;*/

           /*color: #0000FF;*/

           /*color: #00F;*/

           /*color: rgb(74,83,149);*/

           color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);

           text-align:center;

           text-decoration:underline;

           text-indent:48px;

       }

       /*取消a超链接自带的下划线效果*/

       a {

           text-decoration: none;

       }

       /*设置超链接鼠标经过时样式*/

       a:hover {

            text-decoration: underline;

        }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<a href="">a1111111111111111111111111111111</a>

<a href="" id="a2">a2</a>

<p id="p2">上海这地方比得上希腊神话里的魔女岛,好好一个人来了就会变成畜生。--《围城》</p>

</body>

</html>

六、CSS属性—背景属性

/*背景颜色*/

background-color:red;

/*背景图片*/

background-image:url('1.jpg');

/*

 背景重复

 repeat(默认):背景图片平铺排满整个网页

 repeat-x:背景图片只在水平方向上平铺

 repeat-y:背景图片只在垂直方向上平铺

 no-repeat:背景图片不平铺

*/

background-repeat:no-repeat; 

/*背景位置*/

background-position:right top;

/*background-position: 200px 200px;*/

支持简写:

background:#ffffff url('1.png') no-repeat right top;

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>背景相关实例</title>

   <style>

       #d1 {

           /*画圆*/

           height: 300px;

           width: 300px;

           background-color: red;

           border-radius: 150px;

           /*设置边框*/

           /*border-width:5px;*/

           /*border-color:green;*/

           /*border-style:solid;*/

           border: 5px solid green;

           border-left:5px solid blue;

           border-right:10px dotted yellow;

       }

       #d2 {

           height: 600px;

           width: 600px;

           /*background-image:url("hlw.png");*/

           /*background-repeat:no-repeat;*/

           /*background-position:bottom center;*/

           background: url("hlw.png") no-repeat center;

       }

       /*设置a1不在页面显示,一般与hover连用,但鼠标游移时出现*/

       #a1 {

           display: none;

       }

       /*将div又块级标签转成行内标签*/

       #d3 {

           display: inline;

       }

       #d5 {

           height: 200px;

           width: 400px;

           padding:50px;

           /*margin:20px;*/

           /*margin-left:20px;*/

           /*margin-right:30px;*/

           /*margin-top:40px;*/

           /*margin-bottom:50px;*/

           /*上右下左(顺时针)*/

           margin:  40px 30px 50px 20px;

           /*上下、左右*/

           /*margin: 40px 30px;*/

           

           /*上、左右、下*/

           /*margin: 40px 50px 30px;*/

           

           border: 10px solid black;

       }

       #d6 {

           width: 50px;

           height: 50px;

           background-color: chartreuse;

           margin: 0 auto;

       }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<div id="d1"></div>

<div id="d2"></div>

<a href="" id="a1">a1</a>

<div id="d3">d3</div>

<span>span</span>

<div id="d5">

   <div id="d6"></div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

七、CSS属性—背景图片固定不动

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

   <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">

   <title>滚动背景图示例</title>

   <style>

       * {

            margin: 0;

        }

       .box {

           width: 100%;

           height: 500px;

           background:url("https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/width-bank.1c9d1b0.png") no-repeat center center;

           background-attachment: fixed;

       }

       .d1 {

           height: 500px;

           background-color: tomato;

       }

       .d2 {

           height: 500px;

           background-color: steelblue;

       }

       .d3 {

           height: 500px;

           background-color: mediumorchid;

       }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

   <div class="d1"></div>

   <div class="box"></div>

   <div class="d2"></div>

   <div class="d3"></div>

</body>

</html>

八、CSS属性—边框属性

#i1 {

  border-width:2px;

  border-style:solid; (dashed, dotted,none)

  border-color:red;

  border-top-style:dotted;

  border-top-color:red;

  border-right-style:solid;

  border-bottom-style:dotted;

  border-left-style:none;

}

简写

#i1 {

  border: 2px solid red;

}

九、CSS盒子模型

内容-->内填充-->边框-->外边距

想要调整内容和边框之间的距离用:padding

想要调整不同标签之间的距离用:margin

十、浮动实例

在CSS 中,任何元素都可以浮动。浮动元素会生成一个块级框,而不论它本身是何种元素。

关于浮动的两个特点:

浮动的框可以向左或向右移动,直到它的外边缘碰到包含框或另一个浮动框的边框为止。

由于浮动框不在文档的普通流中,所以文档的普通流中的块框表现得就像浮动框不存在一样。

left:向左浮动

right:向右浮动

none:默认值,不浮动

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>浮动实例</title>

   <style>

       body {

           margin: 0;

       }

       .left {

           width: 20%;

           height: 1000px;

           background-color: red;

           float: left;

       }

       .right {

           width: 80%;

           height: 1000px;

           background-color: green;

           float: right;

       }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="left"></div>

<div class="right"></div>

</body>

</html>

clear属性规定元素的哪一侧不允许其他浮动元素。

left  在左侧不允许浮动元素。

right       在右侧不允许浮动元素。

both       在左右两侧均不允许浮动元素。

none      默认值。允许浮动元素出现在两侧。

inherit    规定应该从父元素继承clear 属性的值。

注意:clear属性只会对自身起作用,而不会影响其他元素。

父标签塌陷问题

.clearfix:after {

  content: "";

  display: block;

  clear: both;

}

十一、浮动的弊端(父标签塌陷问题)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>Title</title>

   <style>

       body {

           margin: 0;

       }

       #d1 {

           border: 1px solid black;

       }

       div.c1,

       div.c11,

       div.c111{

           height: 200px;

           width: 200px;

            background-color: green;

           border: 1px solid red;

           float: left;

       }

       div.c11 {

           height: 150px;

       }

       div.c111 {

           height: 250px;

       }

       /*解决父标签塌陷问题,方式三*/

       /*.c2 {*/

           /*height: 100px;*/

           /*width: 100px;*/

           /*background-color: blue;*/

           /*clear: left;*/

       /*}*/

       /*解决父标签塌陷问题,方式一*/

       .clearfix:after {

            content: "";

            clear: both;

            display: block;

        }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<div id="d1" class="clearfix">

   <div class="c1"></div>

   <div class="c11"></div>

   <div class="c111"></div>

   <div class="c2"></div>

    <!--/*解决父标签塌陷问题,方式二*/-->

    <!--<div style="height: 252px"></div>-->

</div>

<div style="height: 500px;width: 500px;</div>

</body>

十二、CSS属性—Overflow溢出属性与溢出实例

visible     默认值。内容不会被修剪,会呈现在元素框之外。

hidden   内容会被修剪,并且其余内容是不可见的。

scroll      内容会被修剪,但是浏览器会显示滚动条以便查看其余的内容。

auto    如果内容被修剪,则浏览器会显示滚动条以便查看其余的内容。

inherit    规定应该从父元素继承overflow 属性的值。

overflow(水平和垂直均设置)

overflow-x(设置水平方向)

overflow-y(设置垂直方向)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>溢出实例</title>

   <style>

       .c1 {

           height: 50px;

           width: 50px;

           border: 1px solid black;

           overflow: scroll;

       }

       .c2 {

           height: 200px;

           width: 200px;

           border-radius: 100px;

           border: 5px solid white;

           overflow: hidden;

       }

       .c2>img {

           max-width: 100%;

       }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="c1">

    在苍茫的大海上,狂风卷集着乌云,在乌云和大海之间,海燕像黑色的闪电,在高傲的飞翔!

</div>

<div class="c2">

   <img src="https://q1mi.github.io/Blog/asset/img/head_img.jpg" alt="">

</div>

</body>

</html>

十三、CSS属性—定位

1. 相对定位  --> 相对自己原来在的位置

2. 绝对定位  --> 相对已经定位过的父标签

3. 固定定位  --> 相对于浏览器窗口

脱离文档流(位置会被别的标签抢去)

    1. 浮动的元素

    2. 绝对定位

    3. 固定定位

没有脱离文档流

  1. 相对定位

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <title>定位实例</title>

   <style>

       body {

           margin: 0;

       }

       .c1 {

           height: 100px;

           width: 100px;

           background-color: red;

       }

       .c2 {

           height: 100px;

           width: 100px;

           background-color: green;

           position: relative;

           left: 100px;

       }

       /*C4绝对定位钱,其父标签c3必须先定位*/

       .c3 {

           height: 100px;

           width: 60px;

           background-color: blue;

           position: relative;

       }

       .c4 {

           height: 50px;

           width: 100px;

           background-color: orangered;

           position: absolute;

           top: 100px;

           left: 60px;

       }

       

       /*返回顶部按钮样式示例*/

       .c5 {

           height: 40px;

           width: 100px;

           background-color: grey;

           color: red;

           position: fixed;

           right: 10px;

           bottom: 20px;

       }

   </style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="c1"></div>

<div class="c2"></div>

<div class="c3">

   <div class="c4">空空如也~~</div>

</div>

<div class="c5">返回顶部</div>

</body>

</html>

十四、blog实例

# blog.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

   <meta charset="UTF-8">

   <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/blog.css">

   <title>Blog</title>

</head>

<body>

   <div class="side-bar">

       <div class="header">

           <a href="#" class="logo">

                <img src="https://q1mi.github.io/Blog/asset/img/head_img.jpg" alt="">

           </a>

           <div class="author-name">My Blog</div>

           <div class="info"> coming soon </div>

       </div>

       <div class="nav">

           <a href="">about me</a>

           <a href="">weibo</a>

           <a href="">public account</a>

       </div>

       <div class="tag-list">

           <a href="">#JavaScript</a>

           <a href="">#Python</a>

           <a href="">#Golang</a>

       </div>

   </div>

   <div class="main">

       <div class="article-list">

           <div class="article">

                <div class="article-header">

                    <a href="" class="article-title">legend of 1900</a>

                    <span class="article-date">2018-05-28</span>

                </div>

                <div class="content">

                    I could stay here for years, but the sea never speak to me. If i get off, live on land for a couple of years, I'd be normal, just like all the others.

                </div>

                <div class="article-tag">

                    <a href=""># HTML</a>

                    <a href=""># CSS</a>

                </div>

           </div>

           <div class="article">

                <div class="article-header">

                   <a href="" class="article-title">legend of 1900</a>

                    <span class="article-date">2018-05-28</span>

                </div>

                <div class="content">

                    I could stay here for years, but the sea never speak to me. If i get off, live on land for a couple of years, I'd be normal, just like all the others.

                </div>

                <div class="article-tag">

                    <a href=""># HTML</a>

                    <a href=""># CSS</a>

                </div>

           </div>

           <div class="article">

                <div class="article-header">

                    <a href="" class="article-title">legend of 1900</a>

                    <span class="article-date">2018-05-28</span>

                </div>

                <div class="content">

                    I could stay here for years, but the sea never speak to me. If i get off, live on land for a couple of years, I'd be normal, just like all the others.

                </div>

                <div class="article-tag">

                    <a href=""># HTML</a>

                    <a href=""># CSS</a>

                </div>

           </div>

           <div class="article">

                <div class="article-header">

                   <a href="" class="article-title">legend of 1900</a>

                    <span class="article-date">2018-05-28</span>

                </div>

                <div class="content">

                    I could stay here for years, but the sea never speak to me. If i get off, live on land for a couple of years, I'd be normal, just like all the others.

                </div>

                <div class="article-tag">

                    <a href=""># HTML</a>

                    <a href=""># CSS</a>

                </div>

           </div>

       </div>

       <div></div>

       <div></div>

       <div></div>

       <div></div>

   </div>

</body>

</html>

# blog.css

/*设置页面margin*/

*{

   margin:0;

}

/*设置背景颜色和行间距*/

body{

   background-color:#eee;

   line-height:1.2;

}

/*超链接去掉下划线,链接颜色和主体一致*/

a{text-decoration: none;

   color:inherit;

}

/* 左侧边栏样式 开始*/

/*.side-bar {*/

   /*width: 20%;*/

   /*position: fixed;*/

   /*height: 100%;*/

   /*float: left;*/

   /*color: #eee;*/

   /*background-color: #4d4d4d;*/

/*}*/

.side-bar {

   width: 20%;

   position: fixed;

   height: 100%;

   float: left;

   color: #eee;

   background-color: #4d4d4d;

}

/*.side-bar>* {*/

   /*padding: 20px 15px;*/

/*}*/

.side-bar>* {

   padding: 20px 15px;

}

/*.header>* {*/

   /*margin: 10px 0;*/

/*}*/

.header>* {

   margin: 10px 0;

}

/*.header .logo {*/

   /*display: block;*/

   /*border: 5px solid #fff;*/

   /*margin: 0 auto;*/

   /*position: relative;*/

   /*overflow: hidden;*/

   /*width: 128px;*/

   /*height: 128px;*/

   /*border-radius: 50%;*/

/*}*/

.header .logo {

   display: block;

   border: 5px solid #fff;

   margin: 0 auto;

   position: relative;

   overflow: hidden;

   width: 128px;

   height: 128px;

   border-radius: 50%;

}

/*.header .author-name {*/

   /*text-align: center*/

/*}*/

.header .author-name {

   text-align: center;

}

/*.logo>img {*/

   /*max-width: 100%;*/

/*}*/

.logo>img {

   max-width: 100%;

}

/*.side-bar .nav a,*/

/*.side-bar .tag-list a {*/

   /*display: block;*/

   /*padding: 5px;*/

   /*color: #888;*/

   /*transition: color 200ms;*/

/*}*/

.side-bar .nav a,

.side-bar .tag-list a {

   display: block;

   padding: 5px;

   color: #888;

   transition: color 200ms;

}

/*.side-bar .nav a:hover,*/

/*.side-bar .tag-list a:hover {*/

   /*color: #eee*/

/*}*/

.side-bar .nav a:hover,

.side-bar .tag-list a:hover{

   color: #444;

}

/*.side-bar .nav a {*/

   /*font-weight: bold;*/

/*}*/

.side-bar .nav a {

   font-weight: bold;

}

/* 左侧边栏样式 结束*/

/* 右侧内容区*/

.main {

   width: 80%;

   float: right;

   color: black;

}

.main .article {

   background-color: white;

   padding: 15px;

   margin-bottom: 20px;

   box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);

}

.article-header {

   padding-bottom: 15px;

}

.article-title {

   font-size: 24px;

   font-weight: bold;

}

.article-date {

   float: right;

}

.article-tag {

   margin-top: 20px;

   border-top: 1px solid #eee;

   padding: 15px 0;

}

猜你喜欢

转载自www.cnblogs.com/zhangyaqian/p/py20180528.html