线上简单的一题
127 单词接龙I
题目链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/word-ladder/
思路：一开始想用的是DFS，一个节点一个节点的递推，然后超时了，因为这题深搜就是遍历所有路线，然后找出最小的，因为是一根线一根线的找，所以在穷举完成之前是出不了答案的
然后换了个思路，用BFS，因为BFS是一层一层的遍历的，最先到终止节点的线长度就是最短长度，然后这里有一个剪枝的优化（直接进行还是会超时，而且不知道怎么巧妙保存用过的节点——强行保存会花费大量空间）：
把程序的逻辑图画出来，是这样的（图在leetcode题解第二篇里摘得~）
从图中可以看到，如果下层已经出现了上一层有过的单词，那么就不用在考虑这个单词了，因为单词下的结构是一样的，所以即使有路径，也是上一层的更短，所以在遍历的过程中，直接记录所有访问过的节点就好，可以减去大量的枝丫
下面是源代码
source code：
package leetcode; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class LadderLength { private String begin = ""; public int ladderLength(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) { if(!wordList.contains(endWord)) return 0; begin = beginWord; int[] flags = new int[wordList.size()]; String[] data = {}; data = wordList.toArray(data); String[] queue = new String[2000]; int rear = 0; int front = 0; ++rear; queue[1] = beginWord; String temp_str; int res = 0; boolean flag = false; while(rear!=front){ int temp_i = rear; res++; while(temp_i!=front){ front = (front+1)%2000; temp_str = queue[front]; for(int i = 0;i<data.length;++i){ if(flags[i]==0&&isLegal(temp_str,data[i])){ flags[i] = 1; // if(!data[i].equals(beginWord)) { rear = (rear + 1) % 2000; queue[rear] = data[i]; // } if(data[i].equals(endWord)) flag = true; } } } if(flag) break; } if(!flag) return 0; return ++res; } /** * used to check whether the str2 is different with str1 at just one character or less * @param str1 * @param str2 * @return */ private boolean isLegal(String str1,String str2){ int count = 0; for(int i = 0;i<str1.length();++i){ if(str1.charAt(i)!=str2.charAt(i)) ++count; if(count>1)return false; } return true; } public static void main(String[] args) { LadderLength main = new LadderLength(); String[] data = {"slit","bunk","wars","ping","viva","wynn","wows","irks","gang","pool","mock","fort","heel", "send","ship","cols","alec","foal","nabs","gaze","giza","mays","dogs","karo","cums","jedi","webb", "lend","mire","jose","catt","grow","toss","magi","leis","bead","kara","hoof","than","ires","baas", "vein","kari","riga","oars","gags","thug","yawn","wive","view","germ","flab","july","tuck","rory", "bean","feed","rhee","jeez","gobs","lath","desk","yoko","cute","zeus","thus","dims","link","dirt", "mara","disc","limy","lewd","maud","duly","elsa","hart","rays","rues","camp","lack","okra","tome", 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"snit","gala","find","spin","ired","slot","oafs","lies","mews","wino","milk","bout","onus","tram", "jaws","peas","cleo","seat","gums","cold","vang","dewy","hood","rush","mack","yuan","odes","boos", "jami","mare","plot","swab","borg","hays","form","mesh","mani","fife","good","gram","lion","myna", "moor","skin","posh","burr","rime","done","ruts","pays","stem","ting","arty","slag","iron","ayes", "stub","oral","gets","chid","yens","snub","ages","wide","bail","verb","lamb","bomb","army","yoke", "gels","tits","bork","mils","nary","barn","hype","odom","avon","hewn","rios","cams","tact","boss", "oleo","duke","eris","gwen","elms","deon","sims","quit","nest","font","dues","yeas","zeta","bevy", "gent","torn","cups","worm","baum","axon","purr","vise","grew","govs","meat","chef","rest","lame"}; List<String> test = new ArrayList<>(); for (String each : data) { test.add(each); } System.out.println(main.ladderLength( "sand","acne",test)); } }
很长的那个字符串是提交过程倒数第二个测试用例，说到这里就比较搞笑了，其实这个逻辑想出来之后，我WA了一次，想了两三个小时，反复的找帖子看，去分析逻辑，发现也没错啊，最后，精彩之处来了，我把我的队列扩了下容，变成了10000，就AC了……。感情我花了两三个小时，就是因为循环队列的数据被覆盖了/黑脸，人都傻了
还好扩容之后AC了，不然真的是要放弃了，以后如果工作上有用到，还是用自动扩容的队列，不然很容易出问题（这个问题还很难找，明明逻辑没错/黑脸）
下面就是需要记录路径的双胞胎题了
题目链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/word-ladder-ii/
思路：框架依然套用126框架，一模一样，不需要改，但是因为要记录结点，所以需要额外的嵌套列表来保存每一层遍历的结果，这样到了底层，才能进行回溯，另外，flags数组需要在每一层都运行完之后再统一将新加入的一层标记访问，否则会有情况获取不到
下面上源代码：
source code：
package leetcode; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; /** * 给定两个单词（beginWord 和 endWord）和一个字典 wordList，找出所有从 beginWord 到 endWord 的最短转换序列。转换需遵循如下规则： * * 每次转换只能改变一个字母。 * 转换过程中的中间单词必须是字典中的单词。 * 说明: * * 如果不存在这样的转换序列，返回一个空列表。 * 所有单词具有相同的长度。 * 所有单词只由小写字母组成。 * 字典中不存在重复的单词。 * 你可以假设 beginWord 和 endWord 是非空的，且二者不相同。 * */ /** * DFS strategy is failure ,the right strategy maybe is the BFS * the DFS is random,but the BFS will find the shortest path and stop then */ public class FindLadders{ class k_v{ String content; int index;//表示父节点在上一层的位置 int index_in_data; } public List<List<String>> findLadders(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) { List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>(); if(!wordList.contains(endWord)) return res; List<List<k_v>> visited_buffer = new ArrayList<>(); int[] flags = new int[wordList.size()]; String[] data = {}; data = wordList.toArray(data); String[] queue = new String[7000]; int rear = 0; int front = 0; ++rear; queue[1] = beginWord; String temp_str; List<k_v> ss = new ArrayList<>(); k_v temp_d = new k_v(); temp_d.content = beginWord; temp_d.index = 0; ss.add(temp_d); visited_buffer.add(ss); boolean flag = false; while(rear!=front){ int temp_i = rear; List<k_v> buffer = new ArrayList<>(); int index = 0; while(temp_i!=front){ // System.out.println(rear+" "+front); front = (front+1)%7000; temp_str = queue[front]; for(int i = 0;i<data.length;++i){ if(flags[i]==0&&isLegal(temp_str,data[i])){ // flags[i] = 1; rear = (rear + 1) % 7000; queue[rear] = data[i]; k_v temp_ss = new k_v(); temp_ss.content = data[i]; temp_ss.index = index; temp_ss.index_in_data = i; buffer.add(temp_ss);//加入每一层的缓冲列表 if(data[i].equals(endWord)) {//说明已经到达底层 // System.out.println("此处已运行"); flag = true; ArrayList<String> subRes = new ArrayList<>(); subRes.add(data[i]); int temp_int = index; for(int j = visited_buffer.size()-1;j>=0;--j){//循环向上提取元素 subRes.add(visited_buffer.get(j).get(temp_int).content); temp_int = visited_buffer.get(j).get(temp_int).index; } Collections.reverse(subRes); res.add(subRes); // flags[i] = 0; } } } ++index; } if(flag) break; // Util.util.prinout(flags); // Util.util.prinout(flags); visited_buffer.add(buffer); for (k_v each : visited_buffer.get(visited_buffer.size() - 1)) { flags[each.index_in_data] = 1; } // for (List<k_v> each : visited_buffer) { // for (k_v k_v : each) { // System.out.print(k_v.content); // } // System.out.println(); // } } if(!flag) return res; return res; } /** * used to check whether the str2 is different with str1 at just one character or less * @param str1 * @param str2 * @return */ private boolean isLegal(String str1,String str2){ int count = 0; for(int i = 0;i<str1.length();++i){ if(str1.charAt(i)!=str2.charAt(i)) ++count; if(count>1)return false; } if(count==0)return false; return true; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] data = {"slit","bunk","wars","ping","viva","wynn","wows","irks","gang","pool","mock","fort","heel", 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这题依然死在队列扩容上……，因为要得到所有的路径，所以队列必须非常长，依次试了，要7000以上的容量才装得下……主要是内部封装的队列有杂七杂八的东西，怕他更慢
另外在判断函数里，如果前后相等的单词，需要返回false，否则有可能会多一倍的时间……
这道题空间击败99%
时间击败5%……
看来还有的地方需要优化
今天实在学不动了/捂脸，改天有空再优化
代码已ac
希望对大家有所帮助
以上