工作中，经常要处理时间和日期等数据，难度不大，但是为避免重复造轮子，特整理了工作中常用的时间日期处理工具供大家选用参考！
utils_datetime.py
# coding=UTF-8
"""
日期、时间处理工具类
"""
import time
import datetime
import calendar
def generate_timestamp():
"""根据当前时间获取时间戳，返回整数"""
return int(time.time())
def date_2datetime(dt):
"""
date_2datetime(datetime.date(2013,7,13))
>>> datetime.datetime(2013,7,13,0,0)
"""
return datetime.datetime(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day)
def format_datetime(dt):
"""将mongodb保存的时间转格式，去除毫秒精度"""
if not dt:
return None
return datetime.datetime(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second)
def datetime_2string(dt=None, fmt='%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M'):
"""将datetime类型转换为字符串"""
if not dt:
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
return datetime.datetime.strftime(dt, fmt)
def string_2datetime(dt_str, fmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
"""
将字符串转换为datetime类型
>>> string_2datetime("2011-09-07 12:30:09")
datetime.datetime(2011, 9, 7, 12, 30, 9)
"""
if not dt_str:
return None
return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, fmt)
def string_2datetime2(dt_str, fmt='%Y-%m-%d'):
return string_2datetime(dt_str[:10], fmt)
def string_2date(dt_str):
"""将字符串转换为date类型"""
return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
def get_start_datetime(dt=None):
"""根据日期、或时间取得当日00:00:00的时间；参数可以是date或datetime类型"""
start = None
if not dt:
dt = datetime.date.today()
if isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
dt_str = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") + " 00:00:00"
start = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return start
def get_end_datetime(dt=None):
"""根据日期、或时间取得当日23:59:59的时间；参数可以是date或datetime类型"""
end = None
if not dt:
dt = datetime.date.today()
if isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
dt_str = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") + " 23:59:59"
end = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return end
def get_start_hour(dt=None):
"""根据日期、或时间取得该小时00:00的时间；参数可以是date或datetime类型"""
start = None
if not dt:
dt = datetime.date.today()
if isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
dt_str = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H") + ":00:00"
start = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return start
def get_end_hour(dt=None):
"""根据日期、或时间取得该小时59:59的时间；参数可以是date或datetime类型"""
end = None
if not dt:
dt = datetime.date.today()
if isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
dt_str = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H") + ":59:59"
end = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return end
def get_time_delta(begin_dt, end_dt, time_fmt=None):
"""获取时间差，根据time_fmt返回数据，如果time_fmt=None，则返回days,hours,minutes,seconds"""
days, hours, minutes, seconds, left_seconds = None, None, None, None, 0
if isinstance(begin_dt, datetime.date) and isinstance(end_dt, datetime.date):
days = (end_dt - begin_dt).days
left_seconds = (end_dt - datetime.timedelta(days=days) - begin_dt).seconds
hours = left_seconds / 3600
tmp_seconds = left_seconds - hours * 3600
minutes = tmp_seconds / 60
seconds = tmp_seconds - minutes * 60
if time_fmt == "DAYS":
return days
elif time_fmt == "HOURS":
return days * 24 + hours
elif time_fmt == "MINUTES":
return (days * 24 + hours) * 60 + minutes
elif time_fmt == "SECONDS":
return (days * 24 * 3600) + left_seconds
else:
return days, hours, minutes, seconds
def time_is_someday(dt, days=0):
"""判断datetime或date是否是哪一天，默认是今天"""
if not dt:
return False
someday = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=days)
if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
return dt.date() == someday
elif isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
return dt == someday
return False
def time_is_ndays_interval(dt, ndays):
"""计算datetime或date与今天是否相差n天，ndays为正数表示相差过去n天，为负数表示相差今后n天"""
if not dt:
return False
before_ndays = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=ndays)
if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
return dt.date() <= before_ndays
elif isinstance(dt, datetime.date):
return dt <= before_ndays
return False
def time_is_recent(dt, **kwargs):
"""这个函数其实跟上面的类似，只不过能够支持对hour、second进行判断"""
if dt and isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime) and kwargs and (
not set(kwargs.keys()) - set(['days', 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds'])):
last_time = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(**kwargs)
return dt >= last_time
else:
return False
def time_humanize(dt):
"""将时间转换为"n天前"，使其更人性化，增加可读性"""
result = ""
if dt:
time_ = ""
if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
time_ = dt.strftime('%H:%M')
dt = dt.date()
days = (datetime.date.today() - dt).days
if days == 0:
result = "今天 %s" % time_
elif days == 1:
result = "昨天 %s" % time_
elif days == 2:
result = "前天 %s" % time_
elif days > 2:
result = "%s天前" % days
return result
return dt
def days_diff_interval(ed):
"""获取日期与当前日期相差的天数"""
if not ed:
return -1
bd = datetime.date.today()
oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
count = 0
if ed > bd:
while bd != ed:
ed = ed - oneday
count += 1
return count
elif ed == bd:
return 0
else:
while bd != ed:
ed = ed + oneday
count -= 1
return count
def get_1st_of_last_month(date):
"""
获取上个月第一天的日期
:return: 返回日期
"""
if date:
today = date
else:
today = datetime.datetime.today()
year = today.year
month = today.month
if month == 1:
month = 12
year -= 1
else:
month -= 1
res = datetime.datetime(year, month, 1)
return res
def get_1st_of_next_month(date):
"""
获取下个月的1号的日期
:return: 返回日期
"""
if date:
today = date
else:
today = datetime.datetime.today()
year = today.year
month = today.month
if month == 12:
month = 1
year += 1
else:
month += 1
res = datetime.datetime(year, month, 1)
return res
def get_date_list(start_date, end_date, fmt="%Y-%m-%d"):
"""根据给定的初始日期（‘2017-07-09’）来获取每一天日期的列表"""
date_list = []
start_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(start_date, fmt)
end_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(end_date, fmt)
while start_date <= end_date:
date_str = start_date.strftime(fmt)
date_list.append(date_str)
start_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
return date_list
def get_1st_of_last_week(index):
"""
index:1 - 7 代表上周星期一到星期日
获取上个月第一天的日期
:return: 返回日期
"""
if not index:
return None
now = datetime.datetime.now()
date = now - datetime.timedelta(days=now.weekday() + (8 - index))
return date
def get_date_of_week(index):
"""
index:1 - 7 代表本周星期一到星期日
:return: 返回日期
"""
if not index:
return None
now = datetime.datetime.now()
date = now - datetime.timedelta(days=now.weekday() - index + 1)
return date
def get_flday_of_month(year=None, month=None):
"""获取某年某月的第一天和最后一天"""
year = int(year) if year else datetime.date.today().year
month = int(month) if month else datetime.date.today().month
# 获取当月第一天的星期和当月的总天数
fd_of_week, month_range = calendar.monthrange(year, month)
# 获取当月的第一天
fd_of_month = datetime.datetime(year=year, month=month, day=1)
ld_of_month = datetime.datetime(year=year, month=month, day=month_range)
return fd_of_month, ld_of_month
def is_valid_datetime(dt_str, fmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
"""字符转换成时间，有转换成功标志"""
valid = True
result = None
try:
if not dt_str:
valid = False
else:
result = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, fmt)
except ValueError:
valid = False
return valid, result
def format_datetime_2date(dt):
"""
将mongodb保存的日期时间格式转为日期格式
:param dt: mongodb保存的datetime日期时间格式
:return: 返回转换后的日期格式（datetime.date类型）
"""
if not dt:
return None
return datetime.date(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day)
def calculate_interval_days(begin_date, end_date=datetime.date.today()):
"""
计算给定的两个日期间隔天数,默认计算给定天数到今天的间隔
:param begin_date: 开始时间（datetime.date类型）
:param end_date: 结束时间（datetime.date类型）
:return: 返回间隔天数（int类型）
"""
if begin_date is not None and begin_date <= end_date:
delta = (end_date - begin_date).days
else:
delta = 0
return delta
