Java学习打卡Day18

知识内容

  1. 接口的多态:多种不同类型的引用指向同一对象时,表示看待对象的视角不同;不同引用所能看到的对象范围不同,只能调用自身类型所声明的范围。
  2. 常见关系:
    类与类:单继承、extends 父类名称
    类与接口:多实现、implements 接口名称1 , 接口名称2 , 接口名称n
    接口与接口:多继承、extends 父接口1 , 父接口2 , 父接口n
  3. 常量接口:将常用于表示状态或固定值的变量,以静态常量的形式定义在接口中。
  4. 接口是一种标准
    回调原理:现有接口的使用者,后有接口的实现者
    (1)标准:接口
    (2)工具:接口的使用者
    (3)接口的实现者:程序员
    (4)工具的调用者:程序员

今日练习

  1. 有如下代码:
interface IA{
	void ma();
}

interface IB extends IA{
	void mb();
}
interface IC{
	void mc();
}

interface ID extends IB,IC{
	void md();
}

(1)如果有一个类ClassE实现ID接口,如果不希望ClassE是抽象的,则需要实现哪些方法?
参考答案:
public void mb() {}
public void ma() {}
public void mc() {}
public void md() {}
(2)把下面的代码补充完整

public class TestClassE {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		IC ic = new ClassE();
		//调用ma方法
	
		//调用mb方法
		
		//调用mc方法
		
		//调用md方法

	}


}

答:
ClassE c1 = (ClassE)ic;
c1.ma();
c1.mb();
ic.mc();
c1.md();
(3)写出下面代码的输出结果

public class TestClassE {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		IC ic = new ClassE();
		
		System.out.println(ic instanceof IA);
		System.out.println(ic instanceof IB);
		System.out.println(ic instanceof IC);
		System.out.println(ic instanceof ID);
		System.out.println(ic instanceof ClassE);
	}
}

答:
true
true
true
true
true

  1. 有如下代码:
interface IA{
	void ma();
}

interface IB{
	void mb();
}

class MySuper implements IA{
	public void ma() {}

}

class MySub extends MySuper implements IB{
	public void mb() {}
}

public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MySuper ms = new MySub();
		System.out.println(ms instanceof IA);
		System.out.println(ms instanceof IB);
		System.out.println(ms instanceof MySuper);
		System.out.println(ms instanceof MySub);
	}
}

问:该程序输出结果是什么?
参考答案:
true
true
true
true

  1. 关于接口和抽象类,下列说法正确的是:
    A . 抽象类可以有构造方法,接口没有构造方法
    B . 抽象类可以有属性,接口没有属性
    C . 抽象类可以有非抽象方法,接口中都是抽象方法
    D . 抽象类和接口都不能创建对象
    E . 一个类最多可以继承一个抽象类,但可以实现多个接口
    答:ABCDE

  2. 写出下面代码的输出结果

interface Light{
	void shine();
}
class Redlight implements Light{

	public void shine() {
		System.out.println("Red Light shine in Red");
		
	}
	
}
class Yellowlight implements Light{

	public void shine() {
		System.out.println("Yellow Light shine in Yellow");
		
	}
	
}
class Greenlight implements Light{

	public void shine() {
		System.out.println("Green Light shine in Green");
		
	}
	
}
class Lamp{
	private Light light;
	public void setLight(Light light){
		this.light = light;
	}
	public void on(){
		light.shine();
	}
}
public class TestLamp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Light[] Is = new Light[3];
		Is[0] = new Redlight();
		Is[1] = new Yellowlight();
		Is[2] = new Greenlight();
		Lamp lamp = new Lamp();
		for(int i = 0 ; i < Is.length ; i++){
			lamp.setLight(Is[i]);
			lamp.on();
		}
	}
}

答:
Red Light shine in Red
Yellow Light shine in Yellow
Green Light shine in Green

  1. 写出下面代码的执行的结果
interface JavaTeacher{
	void teach();
}
class TeacherA implements JavaTeacher{

	public void teach() {
		System.out.println("TeacherA teach Java");
	}
	
}
class TeacherB implements JavaTeacher{

	public void teach() {
		System.out.println("TeacherB teach Java");
	}
	
}
class School{
	public static JavaTeacher getTeacher(int i){
		if(i==0)
			return new TeacherA();
		else
			return new TeacherB();
	}
}
public class TestSchool {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		JavaTeacher jt = School.getTeacher(0);
		jt.teach();
		jt = School.getTeacher(10);
		jt.teach();

	}

}

答:
TeacherA teach Java
TeacherB teach Java

  1. 代码填空
abstract class Animal{
	public abstract void eat();
	
}
interface Pet{
	void play();
}
class Dog extends Animal implements Pet{

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("Dog eat Bones");
		
	}
	public void play() {
		System.out.println("play with Dog");
		
	}
}
class Cat extends Animal implements Pet{

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("Cat eat Bones");
		
	}
	public void play() {
		System.out.println("play with Cat");
		
	}
}
class Wolf extends Animal{

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("Wolf eat meat");
	
	}
}
public class TestMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal as[] = new Animal[3];
		as[0] = new Dog();
		as[1] = new Cat();
		as[2] = new Wolf();
		//调用as数组中所有动物的eat方法
		//1
		//调用as数组中所有动物的play方法
		//2
	}
}
		//1处应该填写的代码_____________
		//2处应该填写的代码_____________

答:
1处的代码:

for(int i = 0; i < as.length ; i++){
			as[i].eat();
		}

2处的代码:

for(int i = 0; i < as.length ; i++){
			if(as[i] instanceof Pet)
				((Pet) as[i]).play();
		}
  1. 在原有的Chap6中的17题基础上修改代码
    公司给SalariedEmployee每月另外发放2000元加班费,给BasePlusSalesEmployee发放1000元加班费,改写原有代码,加入逻辑。并写一个方法,打印出本月公司总共发放了多少加班费。
    答:
package Q8.T11;

interface OverTimeFire{
	public static final double SALARIED_EMPLOYEE = 2000.0;
	public static final double BASE_PLUS_SALAS_EMPLOYEE = 1000.0;
}
public class TestEmployee implements OverTimeFire {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Employee[] es = new Employee[4];
		es[0] = new SalariedEmployee("John", 5, 5000);
		es[1] = new HourlyEmployee("Tom", 10, 25, 170);
		es[2] = new SalesEmployee("Lucy", 7, 200000, 0.03);
		es[3] = new BasePlusSalesEmployee("James", 8, 1000000, 0.02, 5000);
		
		for(int i = 0; i<es.length; i++){
			System.out.println(es[i].getSalary(5));
		}
		double sum = 0;
		for(int i = 0; i<es.length; i++){
			if(es[i] instanceof SalariedEmployee)
				sum = sum + SALARIED_EMPLOYEE;
			if(es[i] instanceof BasePlusSalesEmployee)
				sum = sum + BASE_PLUS_SALAS_EMPLOYEE;
		}
		System.out.println("本月总共加班费:"+sum);
	}
}
class Employee{
	private String name;
	private int birthMonth;
	public Employee(String name,int birthMonth){
		this.name=name;
		this.birthMonth=birthMonth;
	}
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
	public double getSalary(int month){
		if (this.birthMonth==month) return 100;
		else return 0;
	}
}
class SalariedEmployee extends Employee implements OverTimeFire{
	private double salary;
	public SalariedEmployee(String name,int birthMonth,double salary){
		//把name,birthMonth两个参数传给父类,设置父类属性
		super(name,birthMonth);
		this.salary=salary;
	}
	public double getSalary(int month){
		//调用父类的getSalary方法(判断是否生日),并加上月工资
		return salary+super.getSalary(month) + SALARIED_EMPLOYEE ;
	}
}
class HourlyEmployee extends Employee{
	private double salaryPerHour;
	private int hours;
	public HourlyEmployee(String name, int birthMonth, double salaryPerHour, int hours) {
		super(name, birthMonth);
		this.salaryPerHour = salaryPerHour;
		this.hours = hours;
	}
	public double getSalary(int month){
		double result=0;
		if (hours>160) result=160*this.salaryPerHour+(hours-160)*this.salaryPerHour*1.5;
		else result=this.hours*this.salaryPerHour;
		return result+super.getSalary(month);
	}
}
class SalesEmployee extends Employee{
	private double sales;
	private double rate;
	public SalesEmployee(String name, int birthMonth, double sales, double rate) {
		super(name, birthMonth);
		this.sales = sales;
		this.rate = rate;
	}
	public double getSalary(int month) {
		return this.sales*this.rate+super.getSalary(month);
	}
}
class BasePlusSalesEmployee extends SalesEmployee implements OverTimeFire{
	private double basedSalary;
	public BasePlusSalesEmployee(String name, int birthMonth, double sales, double rate, double basedSalary) {
		super(name, birthMonth, sales, rate);
		this.basedSalary = basedSalary;
	}
	public double getSalary(int month) {
		return this.basedSalary+super.getSalary(month) + BASE_PLUS_SALAS_EMPLOYEE;
	}
}

  1. 有下列代码:
interface ServiceInterface{
	void doService1();
	void doService2();
	void doService3();
}
abstract class AbstractService implements ServiceInterface{
	public void doService1(){}
	public void doService2(){}
	public void doService3(){}
}

需要一个实现ServiceInterface接口的类MyService。
(1)第一种方式可以让MyService实现ServiceInterface接口,即:
class MyService implements ServiceInterface
(2)第二种方式可以让MyService实现AbstractService类,即:
class MyService extends ServiceInterface
请问:这两种方式有什么区别?AbstractService类有什么作用?
答:
第一种情况需要重写接口内所有的抽象方法
第二种情况不需要重写抽象方法

  1. 验证哥德巴赫猜想
    输入一个大于6的偶数,请输出这个偶数能被分解为哪两个质数的和。
    如 10=3+7 12=5+7
    要求:两个人一组合作完成。一个人负责把一个整数n拆分分成两个整数的和,另一个人负责写一个函数,判断某一个整数a是否质数。
 import java.util.Scanner;

interface MathTool{
	boolean isPrime(int n);
}

//接口实现者
class MathToolImpl implements MathTool{

	public boolean isPrime(int n) {
		for(int i = 2; i<= Math.sqrt(n); i++){
			if (n % i == 0) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	
}

//接口的使用者
	public class TestGoldBach {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		int n = sc.nextInt();
		MathTool mt = new MathToolImpl();
		for(int i = 2; i<=n/2; i++){
			if (mt.isPrime(i) && mt.isPrime(n - i)){
				System.out.println(n + "=" + i + "+" + (n - i));
			}
		}
	}
}

打卡时间

There is often only one reason for your confusion, which is that you think too much and do too little at an age when you should be working hard. ​
——迷茫的原因往往只有一个,那就是在本该拼命去努力的年纪,想得太多,做得太少。​​​​ ​

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