6-1 人 : 使用一个字典来存储一个熟人的信息,包括名、姓、年龄和居住的城市。该字典应包含键first_name 、last_name 、age 和city 。将存储在该字典中的每项信息都打印出来。
代码：
people = {"first_name": "Wilson", "last_name": "John", "age": 20, "city": "America"}
print(people["first_name"])
print(people["last_name"])
print(people["age"])
print(people["city"])
结果：
Wilson John 20 America
6-2 喜欢的数字 :使用一个字典来存储一些人喜欢的数字。请想出5个人的名字,并将这些名字用作字典中的键;想出每个人喜欢的一个数字,并将这些数字作为值存储在字典中。打印每个人的名字和喜欢的数字。为让这个程序更有趣,通过询问朋友确保数据是真实的。
代码：
favor_num = {
"Jack": 10,
"Amy": 2,
"Tim": 8,
"Tom": 6,
"Alice": 9
}
print("Jack's favorite number is " + str(favor_num["Jack"]))
print("Amy's favorite number is " + str(favor_num["Amy"]))
print("Tim's favorite number is " + str(favor_num["Tim"]))
print("Tom's favorite number is " + str(favor_num["Tom"]))
print("Alice's favorite number is " + str(favor_num["Alice"]))
结果：
Jack's favorite number is 10 Amy's favorite number is 2 Tim's favorite number is 8 Tom's favorite number is 6 Alice's favorite number is 9
6-5 河流 :创建一个字典,在其中存储三条大河流及其流经的国家。其中一个键—值对可能是'nile': 'egypt' 。
使用循环为每条河流打印一条消息,如“The Nile runs through Egypt.”。
使用循环将该字典中每条河流的名字都打印出来。
使用循环将该字典包含的每个国家的名字都打印出来。
代码：
rivers = {
"nile": "egypt",
"rhein": "switzerland",
"seine": "france",
}
for river, country in rivers.items():
print("The " + river.title() + " runs through " + country.title() + " .")
for name in rivers.keys():
print(name.title())
结果：
The Nile runs through Egypt . The Rhein runs through Switzerland . The Seine runs through France . Nile Rhein Seine
6-6 调查 :在6.3.1节编写的程序favorite_languages.py中执行以下操作。
创建一个应该会接受调查的人员名单,其中有些人已包含在字典中,而其他人未包含在字典中。
遍历这个人员名单,对于已参与调查的人,打印一条消息表示感谢。对于还未参与调查的人,打印一条消息邀请他参与调查。
代码：favorite_languages = {
'jen': 'python',
'sarah': 'c',
'edward': 'ruby',
'phil': 'python'
}
people = ["jen", "edward", "jack","phil","alice", "sarah"]
for name in people:
print(name.title())
if name in favorite_languages.keys():
print(" Hi " + name.title()+", thank you for taking part in my investigation!")
else :
print(" Hi " + name.title()+", I would like to invite you to take part in my investigation!")
结果：
Jen Hi Jen, thank you for taking part in my investigation! Edward Hi Edward, thank you for taking part in my investigation! Jack Hi Jack, I would like to invite you to take part in my investigation! Phil Hi Phil, thank you for taking part in my investigation! Alice Hi Alice, I would like to invite you to take part in my investigation! Sarah Hi Sarah, thank you for taking part in my investigation!
6-7 人 :在为完成练习6-1而编写的程序中,再创建两个表示人的字典,然后将这三个字典都存储在一个名为people 的列表中。遍历这个列表,将其中每个人的所有信息都打印出来。
代码：
peo_a = {"first_name": "Wilson", "last_name": "John", "age": 20, "city": "America"}
peo_b = {"first_name": "Chen", "last_name": "Jie", "age": 21, "city": "China"}
peo_c = {"first_name": "Smith", "last_name": "George", "age": 22, "city": "America"}
people = [peo_a, peo_b, peo_c]
for peo in people:
print(peo)
结果：
{'first_name': 'Wilson', 'last_name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'city': 'America'}
{'first_name': 'Chen', 'last_name': 'Jie', 'age': 21, 'city': 'China'}
{'first_name': 'Smith', 'last_name': 'George', 'age': 22, 'city': 'America'}
6-8 宠物 :创建多个字典,对于每个字典,都使用一个宠物的名称来给它命名;在每个字典中,包含宠物的类型及其主人的名字。将这些字典存储在一个名为pets的列表中,再遍历该列表,并将宠物的所有信息都打印出来。
代码：
pet_a = {"kind": "cat", "owner": "John"}
pet_b = {"kind": "dog", "owner": "Jack"}
pet_c = {"kind": "bird", "owner": "George"}
pets = [pet_a, pet_b, pet_c]
for pet in pets:
print(pet)
结果：
{'kind': 'cat', 'owner': 'John'}
{'kind': 'dog', 'owner': 'Jack'}
{'kind': 'bird', 'owner': 'George'}
6-9 喜欢的地方 :创建一个名为favorite_places 的字典。在这个字典中,将三个人的名字用作键;对于其中的每个人,都存储他喜欢的1~3个地方。为让这个练习更有趣些,可让一些朋友指出他们喜欢的几个地方。遍历这个字典,并将其中每个人的名字及其喜欢的地方打印出来。
代码：
favorite_places = {
"Jack": ["Beijing", "America", "Paris"],
"Tom": ["Shanghai", "Hangzhou"],
"Alice": ["Provence"],
}
for name,places in favorite_places.items():
if len(places)==1 :
print(name+"'s favorite place is: ")
else :
print(name+"'s favorite place are: ")
for place in places:
print("\t" + place)
结果：
Jack's favorite place are: Beijing America Paris Tom's favorite place are: Shanghai Hangzhou Alice's favorite place is: Provence
6-10 喜欢的数字 :修改为完成练习6-2而编写的程序,让每个人都可以有多个喜欢的数字,然后将每个人的名字及其喜欢的数字打印出来。
代码：
favor_num = {
"Jack": ["10","18"],
"Amy": ["2","88"] ,
"Tim": ["8","13"],
"Tom": ["6","66","9"],
"Alice": ["999"],
}
for name, nums in favor_num.items()a:
if len(nums)==1:
print(name + "'s favorite number is :")
else :
print(name + "'s favorite numbers are: ")
for num in nums:
print("\t" + num)
结果：
Jack's favorite numbers are: 10 18 Amy's favorite numbers are: 2 88 Tim's favorite numbers are: 8 13 Tom's favorite numbers are: 6 66 9 Alice's favorite number is : 999
6-11 城市 :创建一个名为cities 的字典,其中将三个城市名用作键;对于每座城市,都创建一个字典,并在其中包含该城市所属的国家、人口约数以及一个有关该城市的事实。在表示每座城市的字典中,应包含country 、population 和fact 等键。将每座城市的名字以及有关它们的信息都打印出来。
代码：
cities = {
"Beijing": {
"country": "China",
"population": "21 million",
"fact": "It is the capital of People's Republic of China",
},
"New York":{
"country": "America",
"population": "8 million",
"fact": "It is the largest city in the United States",
},
"London" : {
"country": "England",
"population": "8 million" ,
"fact": "It is one of the largest financial centers in the world",
}
}
for city, city_info in cities.items():
print("\nCity's name: " + city)
print("Country: "+ city_info["country"])
print("Population: "+ city_info["population"])
print("Fact: "+ city_info["fact"])
结果：
City's name: Beijing Country: China Population: 21 million Fact: It is the capital of People's Republic of China City's name: New York Country: America Population: 8 million Fact: It is the largest city in the United States City's name: London Country: England Population: 8 million Fact: It is one of the largest financial centers in the world