简单数据库实现——Part6 - 游标抽象

简单数据库实现——Part6 - 游标抽象

这部分只是做了一些重构，使更容易实现B树。

我们将要新增一个表示表中某个位置的游标(cursor)对象。你可以对它进行如下操作：

• 在表开头创建一个游标
• 在表末尾创建一个游标
• 访问游标指向的行
• 游标移动到下一行

之后我们还要实现的：

• 删除游标指向的行
• 修改游标指向的行
• 搜索给点ID，创建一个指向该ID的游标

下面是游标结构体：

+typedef struct {
+  Table* table;
+  uint32_t row_num;
+  bool end_of_table;  // Indicates a position one past the last element
+} Cursor;

我们目前的表(table)数据结构，只需要知道行号就可以确定位置，所以游标数据结构中含有行号(row_num)来确定位置。
游标还有一个指向所属表的指针table。
最后还有一个end_of_table的布尔值来表示结束位置。

用table_start()和table_end()来创建新的游标：

+Cursor* table_start(Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = malloc(sizeof(Cursor));
+  cursor->table = table;
+  cursor->row_num = 0;
+  cursor->end_of_table = (table->num_rows == 0);
+
+  return cursor;
+}
+
+Cursor* table_end(Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = malloc(sizeof(Cursor));
+  cursor->table = table;
+  cursor->row_num = table->num_rows;
+  cursor->end_of_table = true;
+
+  return cursor;
+}

同时row_slot()函数变成cursor_value()函数，返回一个指针指向游标的位置。

-void* row_slot(Table* table, uint32_t row_num) {
+void* cursor_value(Cursor* cursor) {
+  uint32_t row_num = cursor->row_num;
   uint32_t page_num = row_num / ROWS_PER_PAGE;
-  void* page = get_page(table->pager, page_num);
+  void* page = get_page(cursor->table->pager, page_num);
   uint32_t row_offset = row_num % ROWS_PER_PAGE;
   uint32_t byte_offset = row_offset * ROW_SIZE;
   return page + byte_offset;
 }

在当前表中移动游标和增加行号一样（在B树中要更复杂）。

+void cursor_advance(Cursor* cursor) {
+  cursor->row_num += 1;
+  if (cursor->row_num >= cursor->table->num_rows) {
+    cursor->end_of_table = true;
+  }
+}

最后我们可以更改虚拟机(virtual machine)方法来使用游标。当插入一行时，我们在表的末尾打开一个游标，写入游标位置，然后关闭游标。

   Row* row_to_insert = &(statement->row_to_insert);
+  Cursor* cursor = table_end(table);

-  serialize_row(row_to_insert, row_slot(table, table->num_rows));
+  serialize_row(row_to_insert, cursor_value(cursor));
   table->num_rows += 1;

+  free(cursor);
+
   return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
 }

在选择(select)所有行时，我们在表的开始处打开一个游标，打印该行，然后将游标移动到下一行。重复直至表的尽头。

 ExecuteResult execute_select(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = table_start(table);
+
   Row row;
-  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
-    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
+  while (!(cursor->end_of_table)) {
+    deserialize_row(cursor_value(cursor), &row);
     print_row(&row);
+    cursor_advance(cursor);
   }
+
+  free(cursor);
+
   return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
 }

这部分重构主要是为了B树做准备。

修改的地方

@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ struct {
 } Table;

+typedef struct {
+  Table* table;
+  uint32_t row_num;
+  bool end_of_table; // Indicates a position one past the last element
+} Cursor;
+
 void print_row(Row* row) {
     printf("(%d, %s, %s)\n", row->id, row->username, row->email);
 }
@@ -126,12 +133,38 @@ void* get_page(Pager* pager, uint32_t page_num) {
     return pager->pages[page_num];
 }

-void* row_slot(Table* table, uint32_t row_num) {
-  uint32_t page_num = row_num / ROWS_PER_PAGE;
-  void *page = get_page(table->pager, page_num);
-  uint32_t row_offset = row_num % ROWS_PER_PAGE;
-  uint32_t byte_offset = row_offset * ROW_SIZE;
-  return page + byte_offset;
+Cursor* table_start(Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = malloc(sizeof(Cursor));
+  cursor->table = table;
+  cursor->row_num = 0;
+  cursor->end_of_table = (table->num_rows == 0);
+
+  return cursor;
+}
+
+Cursor* table_end(Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = malloc(sizeof(Cursor));
+  cursor->table = table;
+  cursor->row_num = table->num_rows;
+  cursor->end_of_table = true;
+
+  return cursor;
+}
+
+void* cursor_value(Cursor* cursor) {
+  uint32_t row_num = cursor->row_num;
+  uint32_t page_num = row_num / ROWS_PER_PAGE;
+  void *page = get_page(cursor->table->pager, page_num);
+  uint32_t row_offset = row_num % ROWS_PER_PAGE;
+  uint32_t byte_offset = row_offset * ROW_SIZE;
+  return page + byte_offset;
+}
+
+void cursor_advance(Cursor* cursor) {
+  cursor->row_num += 1;
+  if (cursor->row_num >= cursor->table->num_rows) {
+    cursor->end_of_table = true;
+  }
 }

 Pager* pager_open(const char* filename) {
@@ -327,19 +360,28 @@ ExecuteResult execute_insert(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
     }

   Row* row_to_insert = &(statement->row_to_insert);
+  Cursor* cursor = table_end(table);

-  serialize_row(row_to_insert, row_slot(table, table->num_rows));
+  serialize_row(row_to_insert, cursor_value(cursor));
   table->num_rows += 1;

+  free(cursor);
+
   return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
 }

 ExecuteResult execute_select(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
+  Cursor* cursor = table_start(table);
+
   Row row;
-  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
-     deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
+  while (!(cursor->end_of_table)) {
+     deserialize_row(cursor_value(cursor), &row);
      print_row(&row);
+     cursor_advance(cursor);
   }
+
+  free(cursor);
+
   return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
 }