OS: Centos 7 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
MySQL: 5.6.29-log
背景: 开发环境被多人使用，有时候为出现故障导致大多数人无法使用数据库，严重影响开发节奏。故做一个数据备份和结构备份机制。用于快速恢复开发环境MySQL。
一、主从设置
1.安装MySQL
下载rpm包：
wget -i -c https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql57-community-el7/mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm wget -i -c https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql57-community-el7/mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm wget -i -c https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql57-community-el7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm wget -i -c https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql57-community-el7/mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装：
yum install -y mysql-community-*.rpm
2. 配置机器Master(192.168.1.1) My.cnf
在[mysqld] 节点下添加如下内容：
#服务器id标识 server-id=1 #数据存放目录 datadir=/data/mysql/data 监听ip和端口 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 port=3306 ###################### ######bing log 配置 ###################### #开启mysql的binlog日志功能 log-bin = mysql-bin #控制数据库的binlog刷到磁盘上去 , 0 不控制，性能最好，1每次事物提交都会刷到日志文件中，性能最差，最安全 sync_binlog = 1 #binlog日志格式，mysql默认采用statement，建议使用mixed binlog_format = mixed #binlog过期清理时间 expire_logs_days = 7 #binlog每个日志文件大小 max_binlog_size = 100m #binlog缓存大小 binlog_cache_size = 4m #最大binlog缓存大 max_binlog_cache_size= 512m #不生成日志文件的数据库，多个忽略数据库可以用逗号拼接，或者 复制这句话，写多行 #binlog-ignore-db=mysql # 自增值的偏移量 auto-increment-offset = 1 # 自增值的自增量 auto-increment-increment = 1 #跳过从库错误 slave-skip-errors = all
3.配置机器Slave(192.168.1.2) My.cnf
在[mysqld] 节点下添加如下内容：
server-id=2 #数据存放目录 datadir=/data/mysql/data 监听ip和端口 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 port=3306 #bing log 配置 log-bin=mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin expire_logs_days = 7 #binlog过期清理时间 max_binlog_size = 100m #binlog每个日志文件大小 binlog_cache_size = 4m #binlog缓存大小 max_binlog_cache_size= 512m #最大binlog缓存大 #忽略同步的库 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
4.启动MySQL、设置同步配置（跳过了密码设置和用户添加步骤，请自行处理。）
systemctl start mysqld
查看Master服务器的同步信息
[root@192.168.1.1 root]# mysql -uroot -proot1234 -e "show master status\G" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000001 Position: 1 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB: Executed_Gtid_Set:
记下 File 和 Position 的值。
再执行如下命令，设置Slave同步配置
mysql -h192.168.1.2 -u用户名 -p密码 -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '192.168.1.1', MASTER_USER = '用户名', MASTER_PASSWORD = '密码',MASTER_PORT = 3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1;"
MASTER_LOG_FILE 对应 File， MASTER_LOG_POS 对应 Position 。
启动同步功能：
mysql -h192.168.1.2 -u用户名 -p密码 -e "start slave"
查看Slave服务的同步状态：
[root@192.168.1.2 root]# mysql -uroot -proot1234 -e "show slave status\G" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.1 Master_User: root Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 1 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.%
如上文红色标记内容，Slave_IO_Running: Yes , Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 表示同步开始了，已设置成功。
后面就是你测试一下是否如实进行同步了。
二、进行数据备份、还原
1.编写备份脚本，备份Slave服务器的数据。
#!/bin/bash CURRENT_DIR=$(pwd) CURRENT_DAY=$(date +%Y%m%d) DELETE_DAY=$(date -d "2 days ago" +%Y%m%d) MYSQL_DATA_DIR="/data/mysql/data" BACKUP_PARENT_DIR="/data/mysql/backup"; BACKUP_DIR_NAME="mysql_data" BACKUP_FILE_PATH="${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR}/${BACKUP_DIR_NAME}_${CURRENT_DAY}.7z" OLD_BACKUP_FILE_PATH="${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR}/${BACKUP_DIR_NAME}_${DELETE_DAY}.7z" #安装7z压缩 if [ ! -f "/usr/bin/7za" ];then yum install -y p7zip fi # echo "cd ${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR}" cd ${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR} if [ ! -d "${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR}" ];then mkdir ${BACKUP_PARENT_DIR} fi #清理昨天的日志 echo "开始删除旧备份文件" if [ -f "${OLD_BACKUP_FILE_PATH}" ];then echo "rm -f ${OLD_BACKUP_FILE_PATH}"; /usr/bin/rm ${OLD_BACKUP_FILE_PATH} fi # STOP_MYSQL_CMD="/usr/bin/systemctl stop mysqld"; echo "停止MySQL服务: ${STOP_MYSQL_CMD}" eval ${STOP_MYSQL_CMD} #检测mysqld进程 MYSQL_PID=$(ps aux | grep mysqld | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}') if [ "$MYSQL_PID"x != ""x ]; then echo "mysqld 进程: ${MYSQL_PID} 还在运行，请重新执行脚本！"; exit 1 fi COMPRESS_DATA_CMD="/usr/bin/7za a -t7z ${BACKUP_FILE_PATH} ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} -xr\!auto.cnf"; echo "执行压缩: ${COMPRESS_DATA_CMD}" eval ${COMPRESS_DATA_CMD} #重启 START_MSYQL_CMD="/usr/bin/systemctl start mysqld"; echo "重启mysql：${START_MSYQL_CMD}"; eval ${START_MSYQL_CMD} echo "Return to source directory:${CURRENT_DIR}"; cd ${CURRENT_DIR} echo "" echo "" echo "MySql Backup is Successfully @$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")!"; echo "==============================================================" echo "" echo ""
2.设置 crontab 定时任务
#每天凌晨2点过一分进行mysql备份 1 2 * * * /data/mysql_backup.sh >> /data/mysql/backup/backup.log
3.编写还原脚本(被还原机器需要安装了 7za 压缩工具)
#!/bin/bash CURRENT_DIR=$(pwd) CURRENT_TIME=$(date "+%Y%m%d%H%M%S") MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR="/data/mysql/" MYSQL_DATA_DIR="${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR}data" ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE="${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR}scp_mysql_bak.7z" START_MYSQL_CMD="/usr/bin/systemctl start mysqld" STOP_MYSQL_CMD="/usr/bin/systemctl stop mysqld" #提示“请输入”并等待30秒，把用户的输入保存入变量中 read -t 30 -p "请输入需要恢复的主机ip:" HOST if [ "${HOST}"x == ""x ]; then echo "ip不能为空!" exit 0 fi read -t 30 -p "请输入用户名:" USER if [ "${USER}"x == ""x ]; then echo "用户名不能为空!" exit 0 fi #提示“请输入密码”并等待30秒，把输入保存入变量中，输入内容隐藏 read -t 30 -s -p "请输入用户密码:" PASSWORD if [ "${PASSWORD}"x == ""x ]; then echo "用户密码不能为空!" exit 0 fi echo -e "\n" echo "目标主机ip:${HOST}" echo "用户名为:${USER}" read -t 60 -p "确认要恢复远程主机:${HOST}的MySQL的数据吗？确认[y/n]:" CONFIRM_EXEC if [ "${CONFIRM_EXEC}"x != "y"x ] && [ "${CONFIRM_EXEC}"x != "Y"x ]; then exit 0 fi REMOTE_SSH_CMD="/usr/bin/sshpass -p ${PASSWORD} /usr/bin/ssh ${USER}@${HOST}" REMOTE_SCP_CMD="/usr/bin/sshpass -p ${PASSWORD} /usr/bin/scp" #安装7z压缩 if [ ! -f "/usr/bin/7za" ];then yum install -y p7zip fi echo "" echo "开始执行远程mysql恢复" cd ${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR} echo "关闭当前服务器mysld" echo "${STOP_MYSQL_CMD}"; eval ${STOP_MYSQL_CMD} #检查mysql是否已经关闭 MYSQL_PID=$(ps aux | grep mysqld | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}') if [ "${MYSQL_PID}"x != ""x ]; then echo "mysqld 进程: ${MYSQL_PID} 还在，请重新直接脚本"; exit 1 fi echo "开始压缩打包数据目录" zip_mysql_data_cmd="/usr/bin/7za a -t7z ${ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE} ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} -xr\!auto.cnf" echo "${zip_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${zip_mysql_data_cmd} echo "开始同步压缩文件至目标服务器" sync_zip_to_remote_mysql_cmd="${REMOTE_SCP_CMD} ${ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE} ${USER}@${HOST}:${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR}" echo "${sync_zip_to_remote_mysql_cmd}" eval ${sync_zip_to_remote_mysql_cmd} echo "开始关闭目标机器的mysqld服务" stop_remote_mysql="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"${STOP_MYSQL_CMD}\"" echo "${stop_remote_mysql}" eval ${stop_remote_mysql} echo "开始备份目标机器的mysql数据目录" back_remote_mysql_data_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"/usr/bin/7za a -t7z ${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR}auto_mysql_bak_${CURRENT_TIME}.7z ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}\"" echo "${back_remote_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${back_remote_mysql_data_cmd} # echo "开始删除目标机器的mysql数据目录" mv_remote_mysql_data_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"/usr/bin/rm -rf ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}\"" echo "${mv_remote_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${mv_remote_mysql_data_cmd} echo "开始执行压缩文件的解压" unzip_scp_mysql_data_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"/usr/bin/7za x ${ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE} -r -o${MYSQL_DATA_PARENT_DIR}\"" echo "${unzip_scp_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${unzip_scp_mysql_data_cmd} # chown_remote_mysql_data_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"/usr/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}\"" echo "${chown_remote_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${chown_remote_mysql_data_cmd} echo "开始启动mysqld服务" start_remote_mysql_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"${START_MYSQL_CMD}\"" echo "${start_remote_mysql_cmd}" eval ${start_remote_mysql_cmd} echo "启动当前服务器mysld" echo "${START_MYSQL_CMD}"; eval ${START_MYSQL_CMD} echo "开始清理同步文件" rm_remote_scp_mysql_data_cmd="${REMOTE_SSH_CMD} \"/usr/bin/rm -f ${ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE}\"" echo "${rm_remote_scp_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${rm_remote_scp_mysql_data_cmd} # rm_scp_mysql_data_cmd="/usr/bin/rm -f ${ZIP_7Z_MYSQL_DATA_FILE}" echo "${rm_scp_mysql_data_cmd}" eval ${rm_scp_mysql_data_cmd} echo "Return to source directory:${CURRENT_DIR}"; cd ${CURRENT_DIR} echo "" echo "" echo "MySql restore is Successfully @$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")!"; echo "==============================================================" echo "" echo "" exit 0
单个数据库的还原：
#创建DB mysql -h192.168.1.1 -u用户名 -p密码 -A -N -e "create database if not exists 数据库名称 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;" #同步数据 mysqldump -h192.168.1.2 -u用户名 -p密码 --default-character-set=utf8 --opt 数据库名称 | mysql -h192.168.1.1 -u用户名 -p密码 --default-character-set=utf8 -C 数据库名称
PS：