1. 编写一个C++程序，如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息：
What is your first name? Beety Sue
What is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B
What is your age? 22
Name: Yewe, Betty Sue
Grade: C
Age: 22
注意，该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外，程序将向下调整成绩，即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A、B或C，所以不必担心D和F之间的空档。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char first_name[20];
char last_name[10];
char grade;
int age;
cout << "What is your first name? ";
cin.getline(first_name, 20);
cout << "What is your last name? ";
cin.getline(last_name, 10);
cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
cin >> grade;
cout << "What is your age? ";
cin >> age;
cout << "Name: " << last_name << ", " << first_name << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << char(grade + 1) << endl;
cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}2. 修改程序清单4.4，使用C++ string类而不是char数组。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
const int ArrSize = 20;
string name;
string dessert;
cout << "Enter your name:\n";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "Enter you favorite dessert:\n";
getline(cin, dessert);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}3. 编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming , Flip
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char first_name[20];
char last_name[20];
char combine[40];
cout << "Enter your first name: ";
cin.getline(first_name, 20);
cout << "Enter your last name: ";
cin.getline(last_name, 20);
strcpy_s(combine, last_name);
strcat_s(combine, ", ");
strcat_s(combine, first_name);
cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << combine << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}4. 编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，再输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string first_name;
string last_name;
string combine;
cout << "Enter your first name: ";
getline(cin, first_name);
cout << "Enter your last name: ";
getline(cin, last_name);
combine = last_name + ", " + first_name;
cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << combine << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}5.结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌;第二个成员存储糖块的重量（可以有小数）；第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量（整数）。请编写一个程序，声明这个结构，创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量，并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后，程序显示snack变量的内容。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar {
string name;
float weight;
int calories;
};
int main() {
CandyBar snack;
snack.name = "Mocha Munch";
snack.weight = 2.3;
snack.calories = 350;
// Candy snack = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};
cout << "The name of this candy is: " << snack.name << endl;
cout << "The weight of this candy is: " << snack.weight << endl;
cout << "The calories of this candy is: " << snack.calories << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}6. 结构CandyBar包含3个成员，如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序，创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值，然后显示每个结构的内容。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Candy {
char name[20];
double weight;
int calories;
};
int main() {
//Candy snack[3];
//snack[0] = { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 };
//snack[1] = { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 };
//snack[2] = { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 };
Candy snack[3] = { { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 } ,
{ "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 } ,
{ "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 } };
cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}7. William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：
（1）披萨饼公司的名称，可以有多个单词组成
（2）披萨饼的直径
（3）披萨饼的质量
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构，并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用cin和cout。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Pizza {
string name;
double diameter;
double weight;
};
int main() {
Pizza pizza;
cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
getline(cin, pizza.name);
cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
cin >> pizza.diameter;
cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
cin >> pizza.weight;
cout << "The name of this pizza is " << pizza.name << endl;
cout << "The diameter of this pizza is " << pizza.diameter << endl;
cout << "The weight of this pizza is " << pizza.weight << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}8. 完成编程练习7，但使用new来为结构分配内存，而不是声明一个结构变量。另外，让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼的直径。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Pizza {
string name;
double diameter;
double weight;
};
int main() {
Pizza *pizza = new Pizza;
cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
cin >> pizza->diameter;
cin.get();//去除换行符
cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
getline(cin, pizza->name);
cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
cin >> pizza->weight;
cout << "The name of this pizza is " << pizza->name << endl;
cout << "The diameter of this pizza is " << pizza->diameter << endl;
cout << "The weight of this pizza is " << pizza->weight << endl;
delete pizza;
system("pause");
return 0;
}9. 完成编程练习6，但是用new来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar {
string name;
double weight;
int calories;
};
int main() {
CandyBar * snack = new CandyBar[3];
snack[0] = { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 };
snack[1] = { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 };
snack[2] = { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 };
cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight <<
", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}10. 编写一个程序，让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩（如果您愿意，也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩）。并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据（如果编译器不支持array类，请使用数组）。
#include<iostream>
#include<array>
using namespace std;
const int Times = 3;
int main() {
array<double, Times> grade;
cout << "Please enter your grade: " << endl;
double total_grade = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Times; i++) {
cout << i+1 << ": ";
cin >> grade[i];
total_grade += grade[i];
if (i < Times)
cout << "Please enter your grade again:\n";
}
double average = total_grade / Times;
cout << "The grade of average is: " << average << ".\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}