mainstream network protocol

mainstream network protocol

application layer

Based on TCP

• SSH

  • Secure login (encrypted)

    • 22

• TELNET

  • Remote login (plain text)

    • 23

• HTTP

  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol

    • 80

• S-HTTP

  • Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol

    • 80

      • The syntax is the same as HTTP, but the message header is different and encrypted

• HTTPS

  • Secure web transfer protocol (encryption)

    • 443

      • HTTP+SSL=HTTPS

• SMTP

  • E-mail transfer protocol (sending mail)

    • 25

• POP3

  • Post Office Protocol (receiving mail)

    • 110

• IMAP

  • Interactive Mail Access Protocol

    • 143

• MIME

• S/MIME

  • Safety

• BGP

  • Border Gateway Protocol

    • 179

• FTP

  • File transfer protocol (data/control ports)

    • 20/21

      • 20 transfer data

        • The data port is the control port minus one eg: the control port is 2121, and the data port is ? Answer: 2120

      • 21 – Control Information – Control Port – Establish Connection

• SFTP

  • SSH File Transfer Protocol

    • SFTP is a secure connection established between the client and the server via the SSH protocol (TCP port 22) to transfer files

• RDP

  • Remote Desktop

    • 3389

Based on UDP

• DHCP

  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Server/Client)

    • 67/68

      • server67
      • Client 68

• SNMP

  • Simple Network Management Protocol (Client/Server)

    • 161/162

      • The client uses port 161 to receive get/set
      • The server uses port 162 to receive traps

• DNS

  • domain name service

    • 53

• TFTP

  • Simple File Transfer Protocol

    • 69

• IKE

  • Internet Key Exchange Protocol

    • 500

• RIP

  • Routing Information Protocol

    • 520

transport layer

TCP

UDP

Network layer

RFC

• IP

  • ICMP

    • Internet Control Message Protocol

  • IGMP

    • Internet Group Management Protocol

  • ESP

    • Secure Encapsulation Protocol

  • AH

    • Authentication Header Protocol

  • EIGRP

    • Enhanced IGRP Routing Protocol

  • OSPF

    • Open Shortest Path First

  • ISIS

    • intermediate system to intermediate system

  • VRPR

    • Virtual Routing Redundancy Protocol

• special IP address

  • 0.0.0.0

    • no ip assigned

  • 255.255.255.255

    • restricted broadcast address

  • 169.254.0.0/16

    • DHCP failed

  • 127.0.0.0/8

    • local loopback address

  • RFC1918 private IP address

    • The private IP address cannot access the IP of the public network (Internet), and can only be used locally

      • Class A

        • 10.0.0.0/8

      • Class B

        • 172.16.0.0/12

      • Class C

        • 192.168.0.0/16

  • common multicast

    • 224.0.0.1

      • all hosts

    • 224.0.0.2

      • all routers

    • 224.0.0.5

      • All routers running OSPF

    • 224.0.0.6

      • Multicast receiving address of DR and BDR

    • 224.0.0.9

      • RIPv2 multicast update address

    • 224.0.0.18

      • VRRP multicast address

data link layer

IEEE

• local area network

  • 802

    • 802.3 Ethernet

      • no guarantee

        • Ethernet (10M) 802.3

        • Fast Ethernet (100M) 802.3u

          • 100Base-TX

            • 4B5B

              • Two-to-five UTP

                • distance 100m

              • Two pairs of STP

                • distance 100m

          • 100Base-FX

            • A pair of multimode fiber MMF

              • 2km

            • A pair of single-mode fiber SMF

              • 40km

          • 100Base-T4

            • Four-to-three UTP

              • 100m

          • 100Base-T2

            • Two-to-three UTP

              • 100m

        • Gigabit Ethernet (1000M)

          • 802.3z

            • 1000Base-LX

              • Optical Fiber (Long Wave)

                • Distance 5000m