Features #CPU kind architecture and applications
A, ARM
ARM architecture, formerly known as Advanced RISC Machine (Advanced RISC Machine, earlier known as: Acorn RISC Machine), is a 32-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor architecture, which is widely used in many Embedded System Design.
Features:
small size, low power, low cost, high performance; support the Thumb (16-bit) / ARM (32-bit) dual instruction set, can be well compatible with the 8/16-bit device; using RISC architecture, heavy use registers, instruction execution faster; most data operations are completed in the register; flexible and simple addressing modes, high efficiency; fixed-length instruction; ARM for different series have their own characteristics.
Application areas:
industrial control: RISC architecture as 32, based on ARM core microcontroller chip not only occupy most of the market share in the high-end microcontroller market, but also gradually extended to low-end microcontroller applications.
Network Applications: With the promotion of broadband technology, ADSL chip using ARM technology is gradually gain a competitive advantage. In addition, ARM carried out on voice and video processing has been optimized, and received widespread support, but also poses a challenge for applications of DSP.
Consumer electronics: ARM technology is widely used in popular digital audio players, digital set-top boxes and game machines.
Imaging and security products: the now popular digital cameras and printers in the vast majority of ARM technology. Phone 32 SIM smart card also uses ARM technology.
Two, X86 / Atom
xx86 or 80x86 is Intel Intel first developed a manufacturing microprocessor architecture Pan said. Importantly, the x86 architecture is a variable instruction length CISC (complex instruction set computer, Complex Instruction Set Computer). Intel Atom (Chinese: Atom, codenamed: Silverthorne) is an Intel ultra-low voltage processor family. The processor using 45-nanometer manufacturing process, integrated 47 million transistors. L2 cache to 512KB, support SSE3 instruction set, and VT virtualization technology (some models).
Features:
speed: single instruction powerful, the number of instructions a relatively low bandwidth requirements: or because a relatively small number of instructions, even if the high frequency operation does not require significant bandwidth to transmit CP instruction. Since the use of CIEC X86, so instructions are serially executed in sequence, each operation means in each access is performed in serial order, and the order of the advantages of the thermal line is simple control
applications:
low-end PCs
three, the MIPS
the MIPS is the world's very popular as a RISC processor. MIPS means "no internal interlocked pipeline stages of the microprocessor" (Microprocessor without interlocked piped stages) , the mechanism is the use of software as much as possible way to avoid data-related issues in the pipeline.
Features:
MIPS instructions and operations support 64bit, 32bit ARM currently only to, a dedicated MIPS divider can divide instruction, the MIPS ARM core registers twice as many, so the same
MIPS performance of the power would be more than ARM low power performance than the same ARM higher
MIPS instruction ARM slightly more than, that is slightly flexible, open MIPS.
Applications:
all aspects of game consoles, routers, laser printers, handheld computers and other
four, PowerPC
PowerPC is a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture, a central processing unit (CPU), the basic design from IBM (IBM Business Machines Corporation) of the microprocessor IBMPowerPC 601 POWER (PerformanceOptimized With Enhanced RISC; " IBM Connect newsletter "August 2007, translated as" enhanced RISC performance optimization ") architecture.
Features:
Scalability is good, convenient and flexible.
Application areas:
next-generation consoles, including the PS2, SONY's PSP and other
high-performance supercomputer, used to make large-scale grid computing or ubiquitous computing
enterprises of all types of servers, Power architecture reflects the high cost and high energy efficiency
information communications business, providing highly scalable communications and consumer electronics,
automotive systems
wireless and wired infrastructure,
enterprise routing and switching platforms
