Block chain
What is the block chain? From the technology perspective, the block chain involves many scientific and technological problems in mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From the application perspective, in simple terms, the block chain is a distributed shared books and databases, with decentralized, can not be tampered with, full marks to stay, can be traced, collective defense, transparency and so on. These features ensure that the "honest" and "transparent" block chain, creating the basis for trust block chain. The block chain rich scenarios, basically a block-based chain can solve the problem of information asymmetry, trust and cooperation to achieve concerted action between multiple subjects. Block chain is a distributed data storage, new applications point transmission mode of the computer technology, the consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm.
Melanie Swan, she proposed a phase is widely quoted division: 1.0 is the currency block chain, block chain contract is 2.0, 3.0 is the application of the block chain.
1.0 - bit block chain system credits
Bitcoin block chain originated in 2008 November 1, a self-proclaimed Satoshi (Satoshi Nakamoto) who published "Bitcoin: a peer to peer electronic cash system," a text, elaborated based on P2P network technology, architecture concept electronic cash system of encryption technology, the time stamp technology, block chain technology, etc., which marks the birth of Bitcoin. Two months later theory into the practice, January 3, 2009 for the creation of a number of 0 blocks birth. A few days after January 9, 2009 appears to block No. 1, and the serial number creation block 0 are connected to form a chain, marking the birth of the block chain. Block chain derived from a "bit money" underlying technology. In other words, the first bit is a big credits block chain technique successfully.
- Bitcoin is the emergence of a technical problem stems from trying to solve technical geeks: "In the digital world, things cash characteristics of how to create a kind of?." "Bitcoin: a point to point electronic cash system," the title reflects the problem Satoshi want to solve: he wanted to create electronic cash available in the digital world, it can point to point is person to person transaction, the transaction does not require any intermediaries involved .
- Digital world, when a person put cash to another person, must be involved intermediaries. For example, we process through Alipay transfer is: Alipay lose a certain amount in the account of a person's record, the increase in a certain amount of another person's account records. How to create a centralized without intermediary or go digital cash has been a problem. Because digital files can be copied perfectly, without a centralized database to take notes, how to avoid that a sum of money to a man twice? This is known as double payment or double flowers problems (double spending). Before Bitcoin appeared, we are familiar with major electronic cash system (such as PayPal, Alipay etc.) rely on a centralized database to avoid double flowers problems.
- Nakamoto comprehensive reference and previous achievements, coupled with their own unique and innovative, creating a Bitcoin this point electronic cash system to solve the problem in the case of double flowers do not need an intermediary. In particular, the electronic cash system Bitcoin is at the same time disintermediation and decentralized: electronic cash between the individual and the individual without the intervention of a trusted third party intermediary, which is disintermediation . The electronic cash currency does not need a centralized organization, but the code is done by consensus with the community, which is decentralized .
- Bitcoin does not have the legal tender of the characteristics of each country now, it is only a digital form of special commodity . Bitcoin current market prices and rises and falls also affect people's perception of it, it analogy to gold and other investment products. While Bitcoin is never money, but gradually with the value and price. Bitcoin prices are determined in a free market trading, and continued, repeated fluctuations.
- The system comprises three bits credits
- The top layer is the bit that e-cash currency. This is the application layer of the system.
- An intermediate layer between the transfer function of the bit currency issuing currency and processing user bits. This layer is also called bit credits Protocol (bitcoin protocol), it is an application protocol layer of the entire system.
- Bottom and books distributed to the central network bit token. This layer is also referred to as bit chain block credits (bitcoin blockchain), it is a generic protocol layers of the system.
