Payment systems of learning

Chapter 1 Overview
- Definition: The payment system accompanied by the emergence of e-commerce and development, mainly for a certain degree of operational independence, to provide online payment and collection transactions and fund management functions for all types of business activities
- The essential foundation: the provisions of the central bank because of her mother, the yuan trading is limited to licensed banks and third party payment, the payment system needs to have:
  - Unified interface to package deals
  - According to the allocation of funds business rules set by the system; for example, when an order comes to more than the payee or payer, to complete the transaction and clearing channels designated to pay
  - Accounting data logging
- Payment system architecture design
  - Business layer: providing a payment transaction request is received and a processing business systems interface according to different scenarios
    - checkout counter
      - He mentioned here ---- service model of pay channels, then expands in addition to the service model
      - Service model refers to the form of business transaction that can be used, payment products (fast, online banking, withholding, pos), complex core issues of contractual basis, as well as the stage Xi Zhou and other rates;
    - Trading System trading system itself as a payment system external processing business logic peripheral system
      - Responsibilities: Docking top business system, followed by the payment system abstracted ability to pay, provide a wide range of external transactions, such as orders, payments, modify the amount, confirmed the settlement, refunds, and the ability to close the inquiry, and finally the need for each kind of transaction types are defined, for example, secured transactions, timely arrival, recharge, cash and other types;
      - Scene trading system
        
        Order: generating trading orders, determine whether the transaction involved
        
        Refund: order has been carried out for the payment of the refund, the refund amount shall not exceed the amount actually paid, integral return to the original account, while generating a refund transaction order number for a refund transaction type, associated deposit orders
        
        Modify Amount:
        
        Inquire
        
        Notification: notify upper-layer service system transaction status
        
        Fee calculation: Fee
      - Transaction type trading system
        
        Instant Credit Trading
        
        Acquiring secured transactions
        
        Acquiring a refund transaction
        
        Ordinary transfer transactions
        
        The combined payment transactions
        
        Made up transaction: deposit mode
        
        Withdraw transaction
        
        Thaw frozen: freeze part of the funds to the user before the transaction by freezing capacity to ensure normal trading, the user can also ensure the safety of funds for certain reasons, such as account theft judicial cases
        
        Recharge
      - Forms of payment transaction system
        
        Single payment transaction
        
        The combined payment transactions
      - business type
        
        Acquiring transaction: pay the money, receipts and payments for the two roles
        
        Recharge transaction: pay the deposit, collection and payment to a role by an external account to an internal account
        
        In contrast and recharge transactions: a withdrawal transactions
        
        Refund transactions: Reverse the process to close a single deal
    - Member system: payment system account system; he saved the customer entity information payment within the system account for the customers to establish a unified and unique member basic information and relationship information view, members can configure certain business parameters, such as interfaces cycle the interface permission, payment of third-party payment channels but most Internet companies are generally direct docking, there was no independent account system
  - Pay level: channel funds to complete the processing of payments received through the payment, record cash flow situation involved in the transaction account and split and merge your accounts information in accordance with predetermined rules of funds;
    - Core payment
      - Responsibilities: collaboration by paying a flat core and back-end clearing and settlement, gray machine, the system of accounts, etc., so that the front end of the product can pay more attention to the logic of the product itself. Defined by the standardization of payment orders, payment requests unified front-end interface to provide basic payment services of various products used;
      - Scenes
        
        Payment services: the interface is responsible for the back-end payment system for business package, while achieving a function using multiple payment methods combined payments
        
        Payment service process: be paid for each type of payment services process definition, specifically defined as recharge, withdrawals, transfers, refunds atomic transactions, and achieve the orchestration of basic services;
        
        Payment Instructions: After initiating the order, line item by agreement and protocol processing of payment instructions derived, contains all the information required for subsequent operations
        
        Payment agreement: Each product of the process to define and provide for the payment field encoded, from the normative role
      - Core Architecture [picture]
    - The core accounts
      - According to the account type requires the design of business systems to match, manage all types of accounts, records changes in account funds, and for reconciliation than in accordance with the company's accounting data
    - Liquidation core
      - When the sorting is responsible for maintaining customer transactions, settlement rules, and funds to complete the transaction in accordance with the rules configured in the clearing and settlement operations;
Chapter II: quickly understand payment products
- Classification by agency: According to trade sources in different institutions of body
  - Payment account: opened for the customer by the payment agencies, collection and payment settlement user e-commerce transactions; payment service management approach according to the network of non-bank institutions in 2015
    - Class I account in a non face to face, at least verified by an external channel identity, its open payment accounts, the cumulative amount shall not 1000, Class II account shall not exceed $ 100,000, Class III Account Account funding not exceeding $ 200,000
  - Bank accounts: customer design by the banking financial institutions, in addition to the user payment and settlement, also has the purpose of increasing the value. Sign the bank account of a bank card, with the industry it is also divided into three categories account
    - Class I Account counter site verification, has the most comprehensive account features, everyone with a commercial bank can only open an account class I, class II and class III accounts are accounts can be opened online identity verification, but different permissions ;
    - At present, all products payment system docking, handling funds are carried out based on bank accounts;
- By Product
  - Online banking / payment gateway: divided into online banking payment and online banking to pay
  - QuickPay payment: payment depends on the method of payment accounts, personal accounts and bank card payments, pay only proof password each time you pay to complete the payment, to pay two-dimensional code is a quick payment by binding
  - Withholding: After obtaining credit user, without user confirmation, direct debit. Such as paying utility bills, mortgage deductions, free secret payments
  - And payment
- Press the scene classification
  - Online: micro letter Alipay CUP
  - Offline: scan code to pay (micro-channel, support Alipay code sweep of the major commercial banks)
  - Cross-border: provide RMB business for foreign collection capability, the ability to provide foreign currency receivables for businesses inside and outside;
Chapter 3: checkout design
- Checkout Payment Options
  - Acquirer (payment): Those who initiate payment orders for the business through various payment
    - Business Process: [flow chart]
  - Recharge: recharge the balance on the accounts;
    - Business process flow diagram []
- A combination of pay
- Preferential payment
  - That voucher payment system, coupons, envelopes and other marketing payment process design is based, in essence, is based on accounts do affect the payment system
    - Be deducted from the two accounts when vouchers such as coupons and other benefits accounts should be established use in marketing account platform: the platform side marketing account
    - Marketing Account user side: Bind user, requisitioned by red, coupon marketing is considered to correspond to the opening of default accounts, increase accounts, the account deductions when carried out using
  - Marketing design payment
    - Based on the business side of marketing to do: to be deducted from the amount of the coupon directly in the service platform
      - Before calling the payment system, part of the offer to calculate deductions done directly, calling the payment system, according to the actual amount paid to generate orders
    - Do marketing-based payment terminal
      - Platform side: the discount amount of subsidies platform through internal user accounts exist in the form of the system, such as when a user initiates a payment platform to calculate the total amount, discount amount, to generate orders based on the total amount of the transaction, payment orders based on the total amount generated constitution
      - User side: more suitable for part of the marketing of products with strong user attributes, such as the user points ,, according to their business needs to open a separate subsidy accounts, according to marketing combined account + other payment methods when paying, payment to pay multiple payment channels ;
Chapter 4: Trading System
- Acquiring Gateway:
  - Definition: the platform side is the interface between the external network and the user's payment system, the payment system for the operation of external network data transmission system is converted to internal data, while the system is responsible for the internal platform service request data is converted into internal payment system. After payment platform, all external systems need a series of format verification by the gateway through a unified gateway interface payment platform calls, parameter validation, business calls permission checks and then forward the payment system
  - [Acquirer gateway process flow chart]
    - 1 configuration request message service system
    - Transmission request information service system 2
    - 3 payment systems processing request information
    - 4 payment systems return information: general payment system will return to business data in two ways synchronous and asynchronous, synchronous request processing notification on behalf of success, status of order processing will notice the new asynchronous notification callback active users;
    - 5 process response information service system
  - Interface definition: between the service system and the payment system to communicate via https protocol, interface to provide a new way of url requests and uses the post;
  - Interface Design Description:
    - Interface basic request requires service parameters define the interface
    - Service request interface to abstract service interfaces make calls to external business party system based on ability to pay its own
    - Timely arrival Transaction Gateway Interface
    - Secured Transactions Gateway Interface
    - Split billing gateway interface
    - Continue to pay Gateway Interface
    - Refund Gateway Interface
    - Transaction inquiries Gateway Interface
    - Notification interface
    - Transaction status change notification
- Trading Service
  - The Role of services: the ability to pay payment system abstracted to provide all kinds of trading services; carry out all kinds of business needs docking side of the road based on the transaction chain business payee
- Acquiring secured transactions
  - The first part is a single link, the user is involved in the transaction parties payer, payee is within the payment system launched in a guarantee account, when initiating the settlement, involved in the transaction information two sides payers and payees record, the final funds the new internal transfer of receivables transferred to the actual merchant account.
- Timely arrival transaction flow diagram []
- Recharge transaction: user account balance recharge, generally used than the virtual wallet balance and other products
- A money transaction flow diagram []
  - The money to the account, the current market scenario is common user to withdraw cash or pay treasure micro letter
  - The money to the card; and the money to the account almost, but most of the money needed to go to the card dispensing channels corresponding to bank cards;
Chapter V: Members client system
- Member basic information
- Member account opening process
Chapter 6: Core pay?
- Pre-payment
  - Definition: it refers to the back-end payment services packaged core systems interface, the external packaging include refunds and control interface balances, cash, online banking, quick payment, dispensing and related orders, and the other back-office systems to provide the service call includes determining of the deposit, registration statement, freeze thaw, etc., all forms of payment behavior orders will be paid to the clerk of the floor. After a user initiates a payment behavior in front-end trading system based on the original transaction orders, a production of the corresponding payment orders, interact through the payment order and payment core;
  - Business Product code: corresponds to all types of payment request arrives after paying front-end system, front-end system based on business and product code itself payment service configuration relations, production of the corresponding business payment orders.
  - Payment product code: Because Prompt arrival on secured transactions in different business rules, but pay channels will be judged to be paid in this case are paid, but different business product code, product code and therefore pay a paid product code on behalf of a payment agreement
- Payment engine
  - Category: recharge to cash transfers refund
  - Instruction: The instruction that is the core of paid work order number, the front of each payment order corresponds to the sum of even escape instruction;
  - For example: users buy electricity supplier sites are generally price of 100 yuan, through PayPal payment, order type secured transactions, orders in the trading core production sum of guarantee payments, calling pay the core system payment, the payment system to determine business research side has been configured [acquiring payment agreement], payment orders and the production of a business type of third-party payment according to the corresponding protocol. Based on this order to generate the first recharge payment instruction; the instruction at the time of payment according to the type of call service process, the first to perform external payment channels through process orchestration, confirmed prepaid money incorporated into the platform, and then generates liquidation instructions to users send a payment instruction successfully, the last generation core accounting command and call accounting, internal financial execution accounted for;
- Payment Services processes
  - Defined payment specified execution process, will pay the atomic level split into payment type, type and arrangement of payment processes. Generally recharge Withdrawals transfer refund through a custom combination to achieve all payment behavior;
- Risk control: risk prevention and control of transactions referred to
  - Wind control module is set, you need to evaluate the input-output ratio. Only when the system has accumulated a certain amount of risk transaction data, product and have actual economic losses, then consider setting up wind control module within the payment system
  - Business Rules:
    - When the account balance recharge for the first time, the need for real-name authentication account, set up payment password
    - When changing the balance of the account and cash withdrawal bank card, bank card must be bound check and verify a new bank card binding
  - Risk control model: is dependent on the available customer information and transaction information, transaction risk characteristics of abstract, abstract can be used for transaction risk characteristics are mainly three types:
    - Transaction information: transaction type, transaction amount, transaction time, payment account information
    - Customer Information: Device Type Device number of the user location information, mobile phone number phone numbers attribution;
    - Historical data: In the historical transaction information and user information and transaction platform occurred
  - Wind control operations
    - For wind control module identified risk transactions, depending on the degree of harm, divided into pre interception and things in audit
  - Inside the center console
    - The core need to provide payment to view transaction data for internal operations, finance, management visual management sites, such as the total amount of the transaction, order conversion rate, the proportion of pay channels such as graphical data visualization;
    - Download the report:
      - Trading Report: transaction flow statements
      - Settlement Report: liquidation core payment system for the account of funds for settlement, settlement produce a report for the financial operations carried out before payment or proof of payment or as a follow-up audit review
      - Financial statements financial statements in accordance with the production needs of the company's financial statements
    - Access control, since the transaction data is sensitive information, inside the center console need to make certain limited, and the key to personal privacy data needs desensitization
  - Transaction Monitoring
    - Stability of the payment system is very important
      - Trading monitor the stability of payment channels, external sources of payment system docking, payment channel interface monitor and respond to the market share of these two successful transactions important to pay
      - Payment transaction processing monitor core stability: The main core monitoring pay an average time to process transactions, to ensure the stability of the payment system of information
      - Abnormal warning transaction monitoring found, SMS, email, etc. promptly notify the person in charge of processing the transaction anomalies;
Chapter 7: Financial Core (chapter involve some financial basics)
- Debit and credit law there must have borrowed loans, loans must be equal; Assets = Liabilities + Equity
  - Implementation: the accounting core design, the emphasis should be on every water accounts and multiple accounts associated with an increase in the equivalent records of funds and reduce the situation;
  - Increase in the amount recorded to reduce loans converted into symbols of accounts;
Chapter 8: Clearing the core
- Clearing and settlement rules:
  - Sorting rule: divide is based on a set of financial rules transaction of goods, money, and other elements of the configuration of buyers and sellers. It is popular in the business need to be clear in the form of an order, set the rules, accounts payable will be synchronized to each account settlement center;
  - Settlement Rules: generally refers clients' trading fund settlement cycle;
- Sorting: Sorting liquidation core is used to maintain the rules of each system synchronization over, according to liquidate the core information for each transaction, clearing rules that match the query set
  - After the core real-time clearing settlement order is received transaction information, transaction information immediately in accordance with the rules of match points clear, and complete the division of funds
    - For example: a user purchase through a salesperson b c 100 yuan of goods buyers, users 10 yuan coupons, the actual payment of 90 yuan Alipay, platform charges a 5% commission on each transaction, the sales personnel at each transaction get 20% commission.
    - In the center of the transaction, the platform the $ 5 fee, commission sales people get 20 yuan, the transaction is processed by the liquidation core funding. $ 10 coupon platform and users pay 90 yuan, accounting for processing by the core.
  - Asynchronous clearing
    - After completion of the transaction, the transaction could not immediately confirm the customer's needs funds involved in clearing transaction information after the update again to confirm clearing funds. Examples such as courier transaction
- Settlement

Payment systems of learning

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