Operating system control computer
Computer system operation
OS provides workflow reasonable operation of the computer, the OS user interface - system program, available to users of OS-level interface functions, solve a set of computer operation and provide users with all the service of the common problems of computing, OS of two types of jobs level Interface: offline job control, job control language; line process control, operation control command
Offline operation control
- OS: providing a job description language
- User: Preparation of an operational specification determination processing job control step, the program data and submit
- Operator: The console input operation
- OS: automatic control of execution of the job by the job control
- Example: a batch job control the way the OS, UNIX shell program, DOS bat file
Online job control mode
- Computer: providing terminal (keyboard / display)
- User: log
- OS: provides a command interpreter
- User: command input line, directly controls the execution of the job step
- Example: the interactive control of the time-sharing OS
Command interpreter
Command interpreter: the job of processing the command acceptance and implementation of a user asked when a new batch job is started, or a new interactive user is logged into the system, the system automatically executes the command interpreter is responsible for reading control card or the command line, make the appropriate explanation, and implemented, conversational language: programmable command interpreter, graphical command control, command and control of multi-channel interactive way
Processing of the command interpreter
After the OS starts the command interpreter, the output of the command prompt, waiting for keyboard interrupt / mouse clicks / multi-channel identifier, each time the user inputs a command (temporarily stored in the command buffer) and press Enter linefeed, an interrupt request, the CPU in response to the control to the command interpreter then read into the command buffer contents, parse the command to accept parameters, perform processing code, after the foreground command, the output of the command prompt again, waiting for the next command, the command background process starts, that is, You may receive the command
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-computer interaction part of the operating system
OS improved man-machine interface, provide a good environment to the user using the computer, the interactive apparatus comprises a conventional terminal apparatus and a new pattern recognition device, interactive part of the OS for controlling the operation of equipment and performing related equipment appreciated transmitted command, interactive features is an important factor in the decision-friendliness of the computer system, OS today's hot topics
The development of human-computer interaction
Early stages of development
- Interactive control
- Command line control: the 1960s started
- Full Screen control: 1970 started
- Stanford Research Institute proposed development plan
- Began in the 1960s, the 1980s are widely used
- Emphasis on people rather than technology is the center of human-computer interaction
- Representative Results: mouse, menus and window control
WIMP interface
- Origin: late 1970s Xerox prototype Star
- Features: Window (Windows), icons (Icons), menu (Menu) and a pointing device (PointingDevices) based WIMP GUI
- Benefit: Apple initially adopted and vigorously promote
- Time: beginning of the 1990s is widely used
- Inadequate: do not allow simultaneous use of multiple interaction channels, resulting in human - computer interaction imbalance
Multimedia computer
- Origin: MPC 1985
- Screen audio, graphics and human-computer interaction control combined, integrated processing computer system
- Composition: Multimedia hardware platform, multimedia OS, graphical user interfaces, multimedia development tools
- When providing time-dependent change media interface, both control information presentation, presentation also control when / how to present
- Interactive interface requires the use of a variety of media, also supports interactive multi-channel integration, improve the user experience
Virtual reality systems
- Origin: 1980's new user interface virtual reality
- VR virtual world by three-dimensional computer simulation, based on the observation point, observation point changes of navigation and operations around the object to simulate immersive (immersive) feeling
- Supports interactive multi-channel integration, provide a good user experience
- User support active participation of the height of the three-dimensional nature of HCI, and voice recognition, head tracking, visual tracking, gesture recognition and other new HCI
- It allows the user to generate an input vague and imprecise
Programming Interface
Operating System Interface
The program interface operating system - a system call, the operating system implementation to complete a specific function of the process; providing access to the operating system for all running programs Interface
Implementation Mechanism
- Into a processing mechanism: computer control system and implementation mechanism of system calls
- Into a command: also known visit pipe instruction, or abort command, the computer system to implement a system call instruction processor interrupt caused
- Each system call numbers are specified beforehand, and at the agreed parameters specified register is transmitted to the internal processes
Achieve points system calls
Write system call handler, to design a system call table entry address, the address of each entry point to the handler a system call, and contains the number of the system call comes parameters, into a processing mechanism need to open up the field of protected areas to preserve occurred when site processor system calls
system structure
The size of the operating system software
In the history of computer software development, OS is the first large-scale software systems, the 1960s, research by the OS development derived architecture, modular development, testing and verification, evolution and maintenance, directly spawned the Software Engineering emerging research areas (spawned another source DB application is triggered by demand and specifications), OS as large-scale software, structural design is the key
Operating system software design
- OS component
- Kernel, processes, threads, monitors, etc.
- concept of design
- The modular, hierarchical, virtualization
- OS kernel design is the most complex part of the design
The operating system kernel
Single kernels: Kernel heteroaryl each member then form a mixed population, began in the 1960s, the widespread use; such as Unix / Linux, and the Windows (CS claimed mixed core structure)
Microkernel: the beginning of the 1980s, emphasize the separation of structural components and functional components, most studies have focused on this OS
Mixed Kernel: single-core micro-kernel and compromise, many runs in kernel mode component to obtain faster execution speed
The inner core: the core to minimize software abstraction and traditional microkernel message passing, allowing developers to focus on the hardware abstraction; partially embedded system
