Blockchain basics

This article is a prelude, was to introduce Azure Blockchain Service on Azure, found that what is needed from the block chain start with. . .

 

What is the block chain? We start with Bitcoin, in November 2008, Nakamoto Bitcoin White Paper proposes Bitcoin system from 2009 to date, major security incidents did not occur.

1. The underlying technology is bitcoin block chain;

2. Bitcoin is a peer to peer electronic cash system (pay areas);

3. The system is constructed based block chain technique;

4. The block chain technology systems, electronic transactions so that the need for an intermediate point party authentication;

The experimental nature has run for 10 years, a major problem does not occur.

 

Simple to understand block chain, start with a story:

 

 

Joe Smith transferred to John Doe 1000 dollars of the story:

1. Joe Smith screaming, I turned to John Doe 1000 dollars;

2. Joe Smith nearby villagers heard the sound of cries, then Joe Smith confirmed that there is sufficient balance;

3. After checking the villagers, the villagers are each on their own record books:

    Zhang transferred to John Doe 1000, Zhang 3000-1000 = 2000; John Doe 200 + 1000 = 1200;

Villagers near the transfer 4. Joe Smith told the neighboring village, a neighboring village told a neighboring village, people around the world are aware of their own and recorded on the books.

a few questions?

John Doe problem: the books will not be tampered with?

A villager question, why effortless to deal Joe Smith recorded it?

Problems all the villagers, who remember to prevail?

 

 

 

The books will not be tampered with?

 

Popular understood that the transactions within a period of time into a block, block by hashing (hashed Hash algorithm may be understood as a converted data to a flag, the flag and the source of each word of data section has a very close relationship .Hash algorithm also has a feature that is difficult to find reverse the law. any change in the raw data, the results will be hashed change occurs), generating a hash value of the block, the block any change, the hash value of the block will be a huge change, say hashing algorithm result is written to the next block, the two blocks around to string together.

If the previous statement (block) data is modified, and that its data fingerprint (hash value) will change, we can not correspond with the hash value on next page bill records. All players will be able to recognize this is being tampered with invalid chain, and abandon it.

Therefore, by way of the block chain +, account can not be altered.

 

As Pu Village A, why should it effortless billing?

 

因为有好处,就是所谓的矿工激励,第一个获得记账权的人,会获得奖励。

 

 

谁记得为准?

 

工作量证明(PoW),谁最先计算出某个题目的答案,就以谁的账本为准,其他人复制该账本。某个题目的答案,其实就是区块头中的随机数。

 

 

区块链的几个特点:

1.去中心化(Decentralized)去中心化系统,其没有中介机构,所有节点的权利和义务都相等,任一节点停止工作都会不影响系统整体的运作;

2.去信任(Trustless)系统中所有节点之间无需信任也可以进行交易,因为数据库和整个系统的运作是公开透明的,在系统的规则和时间范围内,节点之间无法欺骗彼此;

3.集体维护(Collectively Maintain)系统是由其中所有具有维护功能的节点共同维护的,系统中所有人共同参与维护工作;

4.可靠数据库(Reliable Database)系统中每一个节点都拥有最新的完整数据库拷贝,修改单个节点的数据库是无效的,因为系统会自动比较,认为最多次出现的相同数据记录为真。

 

区块链不是新技术,是一组技术的组合:

 

核心技术-分布式账本

通过P2P的方式,将正确的账本发送给其他人。

 

核心技术-密码学

主要在下一个区块中,存储上一个区块的哈希值。

核心技术-区块构成

核心技术-分布式共识

 

 

 

核心技术-智能合约

 

区块链的技术演进

普遍认为,区块链已经经历了三个阶段:

  1. 加密货币阶段:就是指以比特币系统为代表的加密货币阶段;

  2. 数字资产,加密金融:在比特币发展成全民挖矿的情况下,于2013年,以太坊创始人Vitalik Buterin发布以太坊初版白皮书。以太坊引进了智能合约的概念,从真正意义上,可以满足商业化应用发布的需求。与第一阶段,只服务于比特币等加密货币不同,区块链2.0阶段,依赖以太坊,可以用来编程、分散、担保和交易任何事物,实现了“区块链+”应用的蔓延、扩展。大部分的区块链应用,都是基于以太坊而成立,如以太猫,如元链星系等区块链游戏,还有各种加密狗等等。

  3. 随着区块链技术的进一步发展,其“去中心化”功能及“数据防伪” 功能在其他领域逐步受到重视。人们开始认识到,区块链的应用也许不仅局 限在金融领域,还可以扩展到任何有需求的领域中去。于是,在金融领域之 外,区块链技术又陆续被应用到了公证、仲裁、审计、域名、物流、医疗、 邮件、鉴证、投票等其他领域中来,应用范围扩大到了整个社会。

 

三个阶段中,前两个还是主要以公开的区块链为主,也成为公链,第三个阶段开始,则开始存在私链,联盟链等形式。

 

 

区块链的分类:

 

 

公链是指任何人都可读取的、任何人都能发送交易且交易能获得有效确认的、任何人都能参与其中共识过程的区块链。

公链采取了采取工作量证明机制(POW)、权益证明机制(POS)、股份授权证明机制(DPOS)等方式,并将经济奖励和加密数字验证结合了起来,并建立一个原则就是每个人从中可获得的经济奖励与工作量成正比。这些区块链通常被认为是完全去中心化的。

私链是指其写入权限仅在一个组织手里的区块链。读取权限或者对外开放,或者被任意程度地进行了限制。相关的应用囊括数据库管理、审计、甚至一个公司,尽管在有些情况下希望它能有公共的可审计性,但在很多的情形下,公共的可读性并非是必须的。

 

联盟链开放程度和去中心化程度是有所限制的。其参与者是被提前筛选出来或者直接指定的,数据库的读取权限可能是公开的,也可能像写入权限一样只限于系统的参与者。

 

区块链的典型应用:币圈+链圈

 

 

 

 

 

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/shuzhenyu/p/12056103.html
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