Today I will talk about the basics, and talk about the basics of blockchain. In the chaos of this project, sometimes the most basic knowledge will allow us to see the essence of some projects more clearly.
Blockchain technology is a comprehensive application of distributed data storage, how to buy bitcoin ? A technical combination of point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies.
In a narrow sense, the blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a non-tamperable and non-forgeable distributed ledger realized by cryptographic means.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and data access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method for programming and manipulating data through smart contracts composed of code.
Bitcoin is a typical application of blockchain technology, and it is also the well-known historical origin of blockchain.
Satoshi Nakamoto published an article titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" in 2008, and on January 3, 2009 No. dug out the first block of Bitcoin, also known as the "genesis block", and won the first 50 Bitcoin rewards. At that time, it was in a period of financial crisis. To commemorate the birth of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto engraved the headline of the front page of The Times on the first block.
Since the only people who knew about Bitcoin at that time were geeks who were fanatical about Internet technology, Bitcoin seemed extremely niche.
On May 22, 2010, a programmer bought two pizzas with 10,000 bitcoins. Based on the highest price of bitcoins in 17 years, the value of buying two pizzas at that time was equivalent to 1.1 billion yuan, which was the most expensive in history. pizza.
This transaction made Bitcoin have a public value for the first time.
With the birth of Bitcoin, blockchain technology became known to everyone.
Five characteristics of blockchain:
Decentralization Openness
Autonomy
Non
-tamperable
Anonymity
Feature 1 Decentralization
In the blockchain system, there is no centralized management agency.
The storage, transmission, verification and other processes of blockchain data are all based on a distributed system structure, and there is no central node in the entire network.
All participating nodes in the public chain network have equal rights and obligations.
The damage of any node will not affect the operation of the whole system.
Feature 2 Openness
In addition to the encryption of the private information of the parties involved in the transaction, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone, providing a flexible script code system, the information of the entire system is highly transparent, and within the rules specified by the system, nodes cannot deceive each other.
Feature Three Autonomy
Through smart contracts, consensus technology enables all nodes in the system to exchange data freely and safely in a mutual distrust environment.
Feature 4: Non-tamperable
Each newly generated block advances strictly in chronological order. Time is irreversible, and any attempt to tamper with blockchain data can be easily traced.
Feature Five Anonymity
The address associated with the user's public key is used as the user identification, and the traditional third-party certification center is not required to issue a digital certificate. The transaction is not associated with the user's real identity, but only with the user's public key address.
Blockchain Architecture
The data layer encapsulates the chain structure of the underlying data blocks and related asymmetric public key data encryption, time stamping and other technologies.
The network layer includes P2P networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism, data verification mechanism, etc. P2P networking technology (used in BT P2P download software in the early days) enables the blockchain itself to have a networking function, so that every node in the blockchain system can participate in the verification and accounting process of block data, only When the block data is verified by most nodes, it can enter the blockchain.
The consensus layer encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes. Consensus algorithm is the core technology of blockchain. Allowing the nodes of the entire network to efficiently reach a consensus on the validity of block data in a decentralized system solves the Byzantine general problem in the distributed system, and ultimately decides who will keep the books.
The above three layers are essential elements of blockchain technology.
incentive layer. Integrate economic factors into the blockchain technology system. The issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism including economic incentives mainly appear in the public chain, and its main function is to provide certain incentives for the blockchain, so as to encourage nodes to jointly complete the operation of the blockchain system. Such as mining rewards and transaction fees in Bitcoin.
In private chains and alliance chains, incentives are not necessarily required. The nodes participating in bookkeeping here often complete the game in other places, and participate in bookkeeping through other forms of coercive force or voluntary.
The contract layer encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts. It is the basis for the programmable nature of the blockchain. For example, Bitcoin itself has the ability to write simple scripts. And Ethereum has greatly strengthened the programming language protocol, which we call smart contracts. In theory, smart contracts can write applications that implement any function. This programming feature enables the blockchain to support more complex application scenarios such as Internet finance, medical care, and digital copyright protection.
The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. For example, various blockchain applications built on Ethereum are deployed at the application layer. In the future, programmable finance and a programmable society will also be built on the application layer.
Three layers are not necessary here.
**This article only represents the views of the original author and does not constitute any investment opinion or recommendation.
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