Experimental schematics
lab environment
- LVS scheduler pool as a gateway web server
- LVS configuration server outside the network are connected to two network cards
- Polling (rr) scheduling algorithm
- LVS load balancer within a network planning Network Gateway 33: 192.168.144.1 external network 36: 12.0.0.1
- web1 192.168.144.151
- web2 192.168.144.170
- nfs server 192.168.144.145
- client test machine 12.0.0.12
Hands-on
Add two hard drives on the NFS server, make use of shared storage, format
- Adding a hard disk on the virtual machine
[root@nfs ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //分区
令(输入 m 获取帮助):n //创建新分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p //主分区
分区号 (1-4,默认 1): //回车默认选项
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039,默认为 2048): //回车默认选项
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039,默认为 41943039): //回车默认选项
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w //保存
[root@nfs ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 //格式化磁盘
##以上操作格式化/dev/sdc磁盘
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir /opt/kgc /opt/accp //创建挂载点
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/fstab //创建自动挂载
...
/dev/sdb1 /opt/kgc xfs defaults 0 0 //编辑自动挂载条目
/dev/sdc1 /opt/accp xfs defaults 0 0
[root@nfs ~]# mount -a //刷新挂载
[root@nfs ~]# df -hT //查看磁盘挂载情况
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 xfs 20G 33M 20G 1% /opt/kgc
/dev/sdc1 xfs 20G 33M 20G 1% /opt/accp
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙
[root@nfs ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nfs ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils //查看nfs两个包是否安装
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64
[root@nfs ~]# rpm -q rpcbind
rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports //配置共享存储配置文件
...
/opt/kgc 192.168.144.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash) //支持144网段读写,同步,不支持降级处理
/opt/accp 192.168.144.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
The NFS server switches to only host mode, start the service
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl start nfs //开启nfs服务
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@nfs ~]# showmount -e //查看提供共享信息
Export list for nfs:
/opt/accp 192.168.144.0/24
/opt/kgc 192.168.144.0/24
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 //修改网卡信息
BOOTPROTO=static //改为静态
IPADDR=192.168.144.145 //添加地址,子网掩码,网关
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.144.1
[root@nfs ~]# service network restart //重启网络
Http installation service on web1, web2, switch the card to only host mode
- web1 server
[root@web1 ~]# yum install httpd -y //安装web服务 [root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 //修改网卡信息 BOOTPROTO=static //改为静态 ... IPADDR=192.168.144.151 //添加地址,子网掩码,网关 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.144.1 [root@web1 ~]# service network restart [root@web1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.144.145 //查看nfs共享信息 Export list for 192.168.144.145: /opt/accp 192.168.144.0/24 /opt/kgc 192.168.144.0/24 [root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //设置自动挂载 192.168.144.145:/opt/kgc /var/www/html nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 //挂载到站点中,模式为nfs,默认网络设备 [root@web1 ~]# mount -a //刷新挂载 [root@web1 ~]# df -hT //查看磁盘挂载信息 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 192.168.144.145:/opt/kgc nfs4 20G 32M 20G 1% /var/www/html [root@web1 ~]# echo "this is kgc web" > /var/www/html/index.html //创建网页 [root@web1 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service //启动web服务
- web2 server
[root@web2 ~]# yum install httpd -y //安装web服务 [root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@web2 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 //修改网卡信息 BOOTPROTO=static //改为静态 ... IPADDR=192.168.144.170 //添加地址,子网掩码,网关 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.144.1 [root@web2 ~]# service network restart [root@web2 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.144.145 //查看nfs共享信息 Export list for 192.168.144.145: /opt/accp 192.168.144.0/24 /opt/kgc 192.168.144.0/24 [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //设置自动挂载 192.168.144.145:/opt/accp /var/www/html nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 //挂载到站点中,模式为nfs,默认网络设备 [root@web2 ~]# mount -a //刷新挂载 [root@web2 ~]# df -hT //查看磁盘挂载信息 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 192.168.144.145:/opt/accp nfs4 20G 32M 20G 1% /var/www/html [root@web2 ~]# echo "this is accp web" > /var/www/html/index.html //创建网页 [root@web2 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service //启动web服务
Lvs added two NICs on the load balancer forwarding and routing provided
[root@lvs ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y ##安装ipvsadm调度管理工具
- Adding external network card, and is switched to the master mode only
[root@lvs ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts [root@lvs network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36 //复制网卡配置文件为ens36配置文件 [root@lvs network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.144.1 //设置内网网关ip NETMASK=255.255.255.0 [root@lvs network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens36 BOOTPROTO=static //删除UUID NAME=ens36 //修改为36 DEVICE=ens36 IPADDR=12.0.0.1 //设置外网网关 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 [root@lvs network-scripts]# service network restart //重启网卡服务 //可以在web上用ping测试能否连同网关 [root@lvs network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf //路由转发配置文件 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 //开启路由转发 [root@lvs network-scripts]# sysctl -p //加载路由转换功能 [root@lvs network-scripts]# iptables -F //清除转发表 [root@lvs network-scripts]# iptables -t nat -F //清除nat地址转换表 [root@lvs network-scripts]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens36 -s 192.168.144.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 12.0.0.1 //指定nat地址转换表,指定数据流出接口,指定原ip地址,指定源地址转换SNAT,指定转换的ip地址
Lvs loaded kernel modules, configuration management software ipvsadm
[root@lvs network-scripts]# modprobe ip_vs //加载lvs内核 [root@lvs network-scripts]# cat /proc/net/ip_vs //查看ipvs信息 IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn [root@lvs network-scripts]# ipvsadm --save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm //centos7必须要先保存 [root@lvs network-scripts]# systemctl start ipvsadm //启动ipvsadm服务 [root@lvs network-scripts]# vim /opt/nat.sh //编写ipvsadm脚本 #!/bin/bash ipvsadm -C //清空ipvs缓存 ipvsadm -A -t 12.0.0.1:80 -s rr //指定虚拟服务访问入口,指定轮询算法 ipvsadm -a -t 12.0.0.1:80 -r 192.168.144.151:80 -m //指定真实服务器,nat模式 ipvsadm -a -t 12.0.0.1:80 -r 192.168.144.170:80 -m ipvsadm //启动 [root@lvs network-scripts]# chmod +x /opt/nat.sh //给执行权限 [root@lvs network-scripts]# cd /opt/ [root@lvs opt]# ./nat.sh //启动脚本 IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP lvs:http rr -> 192.168.144.151:http Masq 1 0 0 -> 192.168.144.170:http Masq 1 0 0
Access 12.0.0.1 with a client test machine (master mode only)