IPv6 manual tunnel and automatic tunnel
12.2.1 theoretical basis of IPv4 to IPv6 transition
often involves tunneling technologies in CCIE exam, so in this chapter we have added BGP tunneling technology related
dual-stack (ipv4 and ipv6 run) is a prerequisite for the ipv6 tunnel Therefore dual-stack technology is a transitional technology. Manual and automatic tunnel IPv6 tunnel is an important tool for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6
ipv6 manual tunnel encapsulated within the IPv4 packet, the routing protocol supports arbitrary
automatic tunnel (6to4 tunnel) is calculated by the embedded IPv6 address to an IPv6 address, does not support dynamic routing protocol, supports static routing
12.2.2 experimental topology description
13 
shown in Figure 11-14, R2 and R3 each have direct address 23.1.1.x / 24 and loopback interface 22.1.1.1,33.1.1.1, direct IPv6 address of 20XY :: X / 64, such as the R1 e0 / 1 = 2012 :: 1/64, loopback interface is 20XX :: X / 128, such as 2011 :: 1/128
12-2 to IPv6 tunneling transition
12.2.3 IPv6 tunnel technology
1, to enable dual stack (both IPv4 run running the IPv6), and an arbitrary IPv4 routing protocol running between R2 and R3
we choose EIGRP, such that each two port loopback up, commands:
R2R2 Source # of ping 33.1.1.1 22.1.1.1
. ABORT to the Type Escape Sequence
Sending. 5, 100-byte to the ICMP Echos 33.1.1.1, 2 seconds The timeout IS:
Sent with Source address A Packet of 22.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success Rate Percent IS 100 (5/5), round-TRIP min / AVG / max = 32/41/60 MS
Router 100 EIGRP
Network 22.1.1.1 0.0. 0.0
Network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
NO Auto-the Summary
!
Run the IPv6
R2 (config) # IPv6 unicast routing-
2, create manual tunnel, running routing protocols and
R2 (config) #interface Tunnel. 1
R2 (config-IF) # Tunnel Source the Loopback0
R2 (config-IF) Where do you want Tunnel # 33.1. 1.1
R2 (config-IF) the MODE ipv6ip the Tunnel #
R2 (config-IF) # ipv6 address 2023 :: 2/64
R2 (config-IF) # ipv6 ospf 1 Area 0 --- giving IPv6 addresses and run a dynamic routing protocol
!
R3:
R3 (config) #interface Tunnel. 1
R3 (config-IF) # Tunnel Source the Loopback0
R3(config-if)# tunnel destination 22.1.1.1
R3(config-if)# tunnel mode ipv6ip
R3(config-if)# ipv6 enable
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
Please R1 and R4 simultaneously run OSPFv3, R2 and R3 connecting R1 interface connection interface of running an OSPFv3 R4, R4 solely as an example of this step, complete self Other:
R4 (config) # IPv6 unicast routing-
R4 (config) # lo0 int
R4 (config-IF) #ip the Add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4 (config-IF) # 2044 :: 4/128 IPv6 address
R4 (config-IF) #int E0 /. 1
R4 (config-IF) # Shut NO
R4 (config-IF) IPv6 address 2034 :: 4/64 #
R4 (config-IF). 1 # IPv6 OSPF Area 0
R4 # Show IPv6 OSPF route
the IPv6 the Table the Routing -. 8 entries It
Codes: C - Connected, L - the Local , S - the Static, R & lt - the RIP, B - the BGP
the U-- Per-User the Static route
I1 - the ISIS Ll, I2 - the ISIS L2 of, IA - the ISIS interarea, the IS - the ISIS Summary
O - the OSPF Intra, the OI - the OSPF Inter, OE1 - EXT. 1 the OSPF, OE2 is - the OSPF EXT 2
ON1 - the NSSA the OSPF EXT. 1, ON2 - the NSSA the OSPF EXT 2
O 2011::1/128 [110/11131]
via FE80::CE02:57FF:FE20:1, Ethernet0/1
O 2012::/64 [110/11131]
via FE80::CE02:57FF:FE20:1, Ethernet0/1
O 2023::/64 [110/22232]
via FE80::CE02:57FF:FE20:1, Ethernet0/1
R4#ping 2011::1
. Escape Sequence type to ABORT
Sending. 5, 100-byte to 2011 the ICMP Echos ::. 1, 2 seconds The timeout IS:
!!!!!
Success Rate Percent IS 100 (5/5), round-TRIP min / AVG / max = MS 108/150/216
. 3, automatic tunnel (6to4 tunnel)
automatic tunnel does not support dynamic routing protocol can not configure the Destination tunnel, it is removed before the relevant configuration
R3 (config) #int tunnel. 1
R3 (config-IF) #no OSPF Area 0. 1 IPv6
R3 (config-IF) Where do you want #no tunnel
R3 (config-IF) #tunnel mODE ipv6ip 6to4 --- the tunnel mode to automatic
then need to calculate the address of the tunnel, the address 2002, then down 32 decimal ipv4 address into an IPv6 address in hexadecimal, R2 IPv6 address of the tunnel are converted from 22.1.1.1, then 22 = 16, 1 = 01, the converted address is 2002: 1601 : 0101 :: / 64; 33.1.1.1 after complete conversion = 21 to 33, the end 2002 =: 2101: 101 :: / 64
R3 (config-IF) # 2002 IPv6 address: 2101: 101 :: 3/64
because does not support dynamic routing protocol, we are destined to write a static 2002 :: / 16 prefix
R3(config)#ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel 1
！
R2的配置：
interface Tunnel1
no ip address
no ip redirects
ipv6 address 2002:1601:101::2/64
tunnel source Loopback0
tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4
ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel 1
测试
R2#ping 2002:2101:101::3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2002:2101:101::3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/37/88 ms
查看tunnel的情况：
R2#show interfaces tunnel 1
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 22.1.1.1 (Loopback0), destination UNKNOWN
Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6 6to4
Tunneling Enabled the FAST
the Tunnel The TRANSMIT bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
the Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
but now the R1 and R4 can not communicate, because R1 and R4 no route to the peer (there ospfv3 neighbors)
R4 Show # ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface
33.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:39 5 Ethernet0/1
R4 # Show IPv6 route
the IPv6 the Routing the Table -. 6 entries It
Codes: C - Connected, L - the Local, S - the Static, R & lt - the RIP, B - the BGP
the U-- Per-User the Static route
I1 - the ISIS Ll, I2 - the ISIS L2 of, IA - interarea the ISIS, the IS - the ISIS Summary
O - Intra the OSPF, the OI - Inter the OSPF, OE1 - the OSPF EXT. 1, OE2 is - the OSPF EXT 2
ON1 - the NSSA the OSPF EXT. 1, ON2 - the NSSA the OSPF EXT 2
O 2033 :: 3/128 [ 110/10]
Via FE80 :: CE02: 57FF: FE20 The:. 1, Ethernet0 /. 1
C 2034 :: / 64 [0/0]
Via ::, Ethernet0 /. 1
L 2034 :: 4/128 [0/0]
Via ::, Ethernet0 /. 1
the LC 2044 :: 4/128 [0/0]
Via ::, the Loopback0
L FE80 :: / 10 [0/0]
Via ::, the Null0
L FF00 :: /. 8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
solutions to write default route on R2 and R3, the next-hop address of the tunnel end point
R2(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 2002:2101:101::3
！
R3(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 2002:1601:101::2
如果采用OSPFv3，那么可以在R2和R3上产生一条默认路由
R3(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)#default-information originate always
!
R2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)#default-information originate always
R4#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 7 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1
via FE80::CE02:57FF:FE20:1, Ethernet0/1
O 2033::3/128 [110/10]
via FE80::CE02:57FF:FE20:1, Ethernet0/1
C 2034::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Ethernet0/1
L 2034::4/128 [0/0]
via ::, Ethernet0/1
LC 2044::4/128 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback0
L FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R4#ping 2011::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2011::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/66/132 ms
实验完成