Huawei switching technology and MSTP protocol

1.Hybrid Interface
Hybrid Interface Layer Interface is a special mode Huawei device, similar to the interface and Access Trunk interface is a working interface technology on the second floor, the frame can be played on the data VLAN tags or VLAN tag is not hit.

The basic concept of 2.VLAN

• Special Features: Isolated radio, easy management and security
• vlan Interface: Access Interface, Trunk Interface
• Trunk package: isl, dot1q

3.Hybrid interface characteristics
according to the type of encapsulation of VLAN interface, the interface Huawei switches there are three modes: Access, Trunk and Hybrid. Wherein no difference Access, Trunk interfaces and Cisco technology, Hybrid Huawei the interface device-specific interface mode. Hybrid and Trunk interfaces in common is at the interface may allow a plurality of flow rate and LVAN by tagging, except that the Hybrid interface may allow a plurality of the VLAN packets without tags sent.
1) Hybrid interface as the unique attributes of the interface Huawei, the following features:

• Huawei switches default Hybrid mode.
• Access can be achieved either interface mode, you can also realize the function Trunk interface.
• Without the aid of a three-layer device can achieve both inter-VLAN communication and access control.
• Trunk Access interfaces with respect to the interface and have higher flexibility and controllability.

Works 4.Hybrid interface
Hybrid interface works involves three attributes of the interface, are untag list, tag list, and PVID (Port-base VLAN ID, port-based VLAN ID).

• untag list: only work when the interface transmits the data frame, VLAN tag data needs to be sent if the list of interfaces untag, then remove the tag to transmit data.
• tag list: a data frame applied to the transmission data and receives tagged frames.
• PVID: PVID default interface is vlan1, PVID only work when receiving untagged frames.

• From functional to say, untag list and PVID Hybrid interface are used to implement Access properties, and tag lists used to implement Trunk features. But not limited to, the interface as compared to the Hybrid Access interfaces and trunk interfaces can be more flexible.

  Hybrid configuration details

• Production and sales client clients can access each other, and can only access the server 1.

• Finance Department and the client can not communicate in any sector, can only access the server 2.
  
  1) arranged Hybrid interface on the switch S1 and S2

  //s1交换机的配置如下：
  [Huawei]vlan batch 2 3 10
  [Huawei]int g0/0/1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 1 to 2
  //配置vlan1-2加入untag列表
  [Huawei]int g0/0/2
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid pvid vlan 1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid untagged vlan 1 to 2
  [Huawei]int g0/0/3
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 3 10
  [Huawei]int g0/0/4
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid pvid vlan 1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid untagged vlan 1 to 2
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 3 10

  //s2交换机的配置如下：
  [Huawei]vlan batch 2 3 10
  [Huawei]int g0/0/1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 1
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 1 to 2
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 3 10
  [Huawei]int g0/0/2
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid pvid vlan 2
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid untagged vlan 1 to 2
  [Huawei]int g0/0/3
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type hybrid
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid pvid vlan 3
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 3 10
  [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit 

  The experiment shows, the interface may be implemented Huawei Hybrid VLAN isolation and access control of the floor.

  SUMMARY MSTP
  conventional spanning tree run only a solid column, and familiar with the slow convergence, the traditional STP, RSTP achieve the purpose of improving the acceleration by the convergence of the network topology, but still flawed. Because of STP and RSTP throughout the local area network, all share a VLAN spanning real column, and therefore can not achieve VLAN-based load balancing, network environment can not always steady state backup link to forward data traffic, resulting in a waste of bandwidth.
  
  MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree is a technology that allows a switching operation in a plurality of spanning trees environment, each instance of a spanning tree is called. Independently of one another between a spanning tree instance, as one example of the blocking interface may further forwarding interface in one example. And PVST different, MSTP allows multiple VLAN run a spanning tree instance. Running a plurality of MSTI advantage is that load balancing, but when only one redundant links, the completion run two MSTI implements load balancing, while saving system overhead.

The basic principle of 1.MSTP
in MSTP, divided into several domains interconnected by the entire Layer 2 Ethernet network. In the domain, to which VLAN divided into several groups, each group having the same topology, then define a plurality of MSTIs, and these different MSTI and VLAN mapping them.
The so-called instance is a collection of multiple VLAN. By mapping to a plurality LVAN example, to save money and resources, the occupancy rate of the communication. In these instances can achieve load balancing.

2.MSTP network layers

The port state 3.MSTP
Forwarding: Port i.e. forward user traffic
Learning: In the Learning state, the switch based on the received user traffic, learns MAC address table, but the user does not forward traffic, so called learning state.
Discarding: In this state, the port only receives PBDU message.

MSTP-related configuration

1) Configure the client and the router ip address

//R1上的配置
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.10.254 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 
[Huawei]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.20.254 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 

2) Configuring VLAN and Trunk

//S1的配置如下
[Huawei]vlan batch 10 20
[Huawei]int g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[Huawei]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[Huawei]int g0/0/3
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type hybrid
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 10
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid  pvid  vlan 10

//S2的配置如下
[Huawei]vlan batch 10 20
[Huawei]int g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[Huawei]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
[Huawei]int g0/0/3
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type hybrid
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 20
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid  pvid  vlan 20

//S3的配置如下
[Huawei]vlan batch 10 20
[Huawei]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk  allow-pass  vlan  all 
[Huawei]int g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk  allow-pass vlan all 
[Huawei]int g0/0/3
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
[Huawei]int g0/0/4
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default  vlan 20

3) Configure MSTP

//S1的配置如下
[Huawei]stp mode  mstp       //将交换机配置成MSTP模式
[Huawei]stp region-configuration   //进入MSTP配置模式及
[Huawei-mst-region]region-name test   //配置域名为test
[Huawei-mst-region]revision-level 1     //配置版本等级为1
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10   //将VLAN10加入实例1中
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20  //将VLAN20加入实例2中
[Huawei-mst-region]active region-configuration   //激活配置 （必须配置
[Huawei-mst-region]quit 
[Huawei]stp instance  1 root primary   //配置此交换机为实例1的主根
[Huawei]stp instance  2 root secondary  //配置此交换机为实例2的备根

//S2的配置如下
[Huawei]stp mode  mstp       
[Huawei]stp region-configuration  
[Huawei-mst-region]region-name test  
[Huawei-mst-region]revision-level 1    
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10   
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20  
[Huawei-mst-region]active region-configuration   
[Huawei-mst-region]quit 
[Huawei]stp instance  1 root  secondary 
[Huawei]stp instance  2 root primary   

//S3的配置如下
[Huawei]stp mode  mstp       
[Huawei]stp region-configuration  
[Huawei-mst-region]region-name test  
[Huawei-mst-region]revision-level 1    
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10   
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20  
[Huawei-mst-region]active region-configuration   
[Huawei-mst-region]quit 

Verify
using stp display stp brief command to check the interface information on the role and status S3, wherein the lnstancel g0 / 0/2 and the instance2 g0 / 0/1 in the blocked state. Meanwhile, each independently of each other between two instances are not affected.