operating system:
1.Windows operating system
⑴ intuitive, efficient, object-oriented graphical user interface, easy to use
⑵ unified user interface, friendly, beautiful
⑶ rich device-independent graphics operations
⑷ multitasking operating environment
2.Unix operating system
⑴UNIX system is a multi-user, multi-tasking time-sharing operating system
⑵UNIX system architecture can be divided into three parts: the operating system kernel, the system call, the application
⑶UNIX system consists largely of C language
⑷UNIX provides a rich, well-chosen system call
⑸UNIX provides a powerful programmable user interface language as Shell
⑹UNIX system uses a tree structure
⑺UNIX storage system uses a process memory management and demand paging mechanism of exchange of
The system offers a variety of communication mechanisms ⑻UNIX
3.Linux operating system
The basic idea ⑴Linux of two things: first, everything is a file; second, every software has identified uses
⑵Linux is a free operating system, users can get for free online or by other means, and its source code can be modified
⑶ fully compatible with standard POSIX1.0
⑷ multi-user, multi-tasking operating environment; support multiple platforms
4.Mac OS operating system
⑴ full-screen mode is a new operating system, the most important functions, all applications can be run in full-screen mode
⑵ Mission Control Dock and integrated control panel, window and full screen mode and can view a variety of applications
⑶ quick start mode of operation is identical with the iPad panel, which displays all applications installed in the computer in a manner similar iPad user interface, and managed through the App Store, the user can slide the mouse, switch between multiple applications icon interface
App Store works exactly the same way as iOS system ⑷Mac App Store, they have the same navigation and management
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application server
Apache
Apache is the world's number one use of Web server software. It can run on almost any computer platform widely used because of its cross-platform security and is widely used, it is one of the most popular Web server software. It is fast, reliable, and can be expanded through a simple API, the Perl / Python, etc. interpreter built into the server. Meanwhile Apache transliterated as Apache, it is a North American Indian tribe, called Apache family, in the southwestern United States. It is also the name of a foundation of a helicopter gunships and so on.
Tomcat
Tomcat server is a free open source Web application server, are lightweight application server , it is not widely used in many occasions small and medium systems and concurrent user access is the preferred development and debugging JSP program. For a beginner, it can be considered that when configured Apache server on a machine, it can be used in response to the HTML ( Standard Generalized Markup Language access requests in an application) page. Apache Tomcat server is actually an extension, but when it is run independently run, so when you run tomcat, it is in fact as a separate process with Apache running alone.
Weblogic
Oracle WebLogic US company produced a application server, precisely, it is a JAVAEE architecture based on middleware, WebLogic is used to develop, integrate, deploy and manage large distributed Web applications, Web applications and database applications Java application server. The dynamic features of Java and Java Enterprise security standards introduced large-scale network application development, integration, deployment, and among management. WebLogic Server has a variety of features and benefits required to develop and deploy mission-critical e-commerce Web applications.
Websphere
WebSphere is IBM's software platform. It includes the preparation, running and monitoring of industrial-strength all-weather demand Web applications and cross-platform, cross-product solutions needed for the entire middleware infrastructure, such as servers, services and tools. WebSphere provides reliable, flexible and robust software.
WebSphere is a modular platform, open standards-based industry support. You can be trusted and enduring interfaces, will be inserted into the existing assets WebSphere, can continue to expand environment. WebSphere runs on many platforms, including Intel, Linux and z / OS.
WebSphere is the leading on-demand software platform for e-commerce era, it can be used for companies to develop, deploy and integrate next-generation e-business applications, such as B2B, and support publishing web content from simple to enterprise-level transactional business applications . WebSphere can create e-commerce sites, the union extended to mobile devices, integrate existing applications and provides automated business processes.
JBoss
It is based on open source J2EE application server. JBoss code for the LGPL license, free to use in any commercial applications. JBoss EJB container is a management and server that supports EJB 1.1, EJB 2.0 and EJB3 specification. JBoss core services but does not include support for servlet / JSP the WEB container, Tomcat or Jetty generally binding uses.
IIS
"IIS" That (Internet Identity system) Chinese translated as "Internet identity system." IIS "in people's daily work, is an enterprise conscious, planned the CI feature their own business initiative to demonstrate and to the public via the Internet spread on the Internet for the public companies have a management, in line with norms of corporate communications impressions and understanding, in order to better consumer awareness and leave a good impression.
Several of the above analysis and comparison of server
Apache is a static page, while Tomcat is a dynamic page. If you want to run jsp dynamic website under Apache environment need a jsp interpreter, but tomcat is as an interpreter to help implement dynamic pages in the Apache environment, Tomcat is first converted into a static page java. File type, then then run in the form of jsp. files. But when dealing with static pages, tomcat Apache is not as good as rapidly and can not be configured. So in reality use, Tomcat Apache is used as a plug-in to display a dynamic page of the site. This allows the site has better scalability and security.
JBoss Web the Tomcat Servlet container as its core engine, Tomcat, in a very active connection support, static content, large files and processing on the appearance as good as JBoss HTTPS as superior, while Tomcat can run Java applications, enterprise Tomcat in use, so need to be integrated with the Apache Web Server in use.
Apache supports all operating systems, cross-platform, and only on IIS under windows operating system, in terms of open source Apache is completely open free of charge, while IIS is part of the open source code. In IIS installed using a fool graphical installation, users just follow the prompts to install, but Apache is relatively complex and difficult in the installation, in the operation of the Apache language support multiple runtime languages such as ASP, PHP, JSP, but If you are running IIS requires PHP configuration to run again.
WebLogic and WebSphere are middleware, in addition to doing web-container also supports a range of applications, such as JMS, EJB and so on. Both are based on the Java platform to meet the needs of real-time processing, different versions and is compatible with jdk version is different; they are based on the sun's servlet to achieve.
From the above comparison of view, Apache usage and the performance is superior to all other application servers, Apache tomcat integration and use, can play a greater role both in static pages or dynamic pages can be quickly run, but the installation of Apache configuration complicated than other application servers. Compared with other application servers, Apache also in safety performance superior to other application servers.
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database
Oracle
Oracle Database, also known as Oracle RDBMS, or simply Oracle. Oracle is a relational database management systems. It is has been a leader in the field of database products. Oracle database system can be said is the world's popular relational database management system, a good system portability, ease of use, powerful, applicable to all types of large, medium, small, computer environment. It is a high efficiency, good reliability, high throughput adaptation program database.
MySql
SqlServer
The main difference between Oracle and MySQL
Oracle: Client and Command window, the contents are determined by the user -> conn user_name / password;
MySQL: The client and the command window, are determined by the contents of the database -> use datebase;
Can create a multi-user multi-database, individuals tend to Oracle database in the form of a plurality of users, MySQL users in the form of a plurality of multiple databases (the best one for each database user)
Oracle is a large database and MySQL is a small and medium sized databases, Oracle market share of 40%, only about 20% of MySQL, but MySQL is open source and Oracle price is very high.
Oracle supports concurrent big, big traffic, is the OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing online transaction processing system) the best tool.
Differences in the installation space used is great, MySQL and Oracle have only about 152M 3G after installation, when the occupancy and use of Oracle particularly large memory space and other machine performance.
Oracle also some differences on the operations and MySQL
Group function usage rules
MySQL Feel free to use the set of functions in the select statement, but in Oracle if the query has set of functions that other column name must be a function of the treated group, or a group by clause column otherwise an error
EG:
select name, count (money) from user ; this is not a problem on MySQL have a problem in Oracle.
Automatically increase the type of data processing
Automatic growth of MySQL data types, do not operate in this field when the record is inserted, it will automatically get the data value. Oracle does not automatically increase the type of data, a sequence number need for automatic increase, take the next sequence number value when a record assigns this field.
Name CREATE SEQUENCE serial number (preferably table name + SEQ ID tag) INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1 MAXVALUE 99999 CYCLE NOCACHE;
wherein the values as the maximum length field to set, if the automatic growth sequence defined number NUMBER (6 ), a maximum of 999999
the iNSERT statement to insert the field value: name serial number .NEXTVAL
Single quotes treatment
MySQL where you can wrap the string with double quotation marks, Oracle where you can only wrap the string in single quotation marks. Single quotes must be replaced before insertion and modify the string: replace every occurrence of a single quote into two single quotes.
SQL statement handle flip
MySQL flip process is relatively simple SQL statements, with LIMIT starting position, the number of records; can also be used in the PHP SEEK result set target position. Oracle SQL statement handle flip a relatively complicated. ROWNUM each result set is only one field indicating its position, and can only use ROWNUM <100, can not use ROWNUM> 80.
The following analysis is better after two flip Oracle SQL statement (ID is the only keyword field name):
Statement a:
the SELECT ID, [FIELD_NAME, ...] the FROM TABLE_NAME the WHERE ID the IN (the SELECT ID the FROM (the SELECT ROWNUM AS NUMROW, ID FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE condition 1 ORDER BY condition 2) WHERE NUMROW> 80 AND NUMROW <100) ORDER BY conditions 3;
语句二：
SELECT * FROM (( SELECT ROWNUM AS NUMROW, c.* from (SELECT [FIELD_NAME,...] FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE 条件1 ORDER BY 条件2) c) WHERE NUMROW > 80 AND NUMROW < 100 ) ORDER BY 条件3;
Handle long strings
Long string handling Oracle also has its special place. When the maximum string length INSERT and UPDATE operable 4000 single-byte or less, if you want to insert a longer string, consider using CLOB type field, a method borrowed in Oracle's own DBMS_LOB package. Non-empty and must be done before insertion length determination modify records, can not be null and the field value exceeds the length field should be warned to return the last operation.
Processing date field
MySQL date field DATE and TIME two kinds of points, Oracle date fields only DATE, minute and second information comprising the date, with the current system time of the database is SYSDATE, accurate to the second, or converted into a string date type function TO_DATE ( '2001 -08-01 ',' YYYY-MM-DD ') Year - month - day 24 hours: minutes: seconds format YYYY-MM-DD HH24: MI: SS TO_DATE () there are many date formats, you can see Oracle DOC.
Date fields to convert string function TO_CHAR ( '2001-08-01', 'YYYY -MM-DD HH24:: MI SS')
math formulas date field are very different. MySQL found from the current time of 7 days with DATE_FIELD_NAME> SUBDATE (NOW (), INTERVAL 7 DAY) Oracle found from the current time of 7 days with DATE_FIELD_NAME> SYSDATE -. 7;
MySQL inserting the current time is several functions: NOW () function to ` 'YYYY-MM-DD HH : MM: SS' returns the current date and time, can be stored directly into DATETIME column. CURDATE () to return to today's date 'YYYY-MM-DD' format, can be stored directly in a DATE field. CURTIME () to return the current time 'HH:: MM SS' format, can be stored directly into the TIME field. Example: insert into tablename (fieldname) values (now ())
and the current time is Oracle sysdate
Handling null characters
MySQL is non-empty field is also empty of content, Oracle in the definition of non-empty fields will not allow the free content. Oracle table structure to define, guide data according to the MySQL NOT NULL when an error occurs. Therefore to judge the null characters guide data, or if a null character is NULL, it needs to change a string of space.
Fuzzy string comparison
Like a field name in MySQL% '% string', can also be held like the Oracle% 'string%' but this method can not be used for index field names, slow speed, with a string comparison function InStr (field names, 'character string ')> 0 will be more accurate search results.
Procedures and functions, the operation of the database work Note that the result set and release the pointer after completion.
Primary key
MySQL is generally used automatic growth type, as long as the specified table to create a table primary key auto increment, when a record, do not need to specify the primary key of the record, MySQL will automatically increase; the Oracle does not automatically increase the type of the primary key commonly used sequence, when a record with the next value of the sequence number field to be paid; ORM framework is just as long as the primary key generation strategy can be native.
Oracle has implemented most of ANSIISQL function, such as transaction isolation level, propagation characteristics and MySQL in this area is still relatively weak
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development tools
IntelliJ IDEA
IDEA stands for IntelliJ IDEA, a java programming language integrated development environment. IntelliJ in the industry is recognized as one of the best java development tools, especially in the intelligent code assist, code tips, reconstruction, J2EE support, various versions of tools (git, svn, etc.), JUnit, CVS integration, code analysis, aspects of innovative GUI design and other functions can be said to be exceptional. JetBrains IDEA is the company's products, the company is headquartered in Prague, capital of the Czech Republic, the developer rigorous known mainly Eastern European programmers. Its flagship version also supports HTML, CSS, PHP, MySQL, Python and so on. Free version only supports Python and a few other languages.
Eclipse
Eclipse is an open source, Java-based extensible development platform. On its own, it is only a framework and a set of services for building development environments by plug-in component. Fortunately, Eclipse comes with a standard set of plug-ins, including Java development tools (Java Development Kit, JDK).
MyEclipse
MyEclipse, is coupled with a strong own plug-ins developed with the enterprise-wide integrated development environment based on the eclipse, mainly for the development of Java, Java EE, and mobile applications. MyEclipse is very powerful, very wide support, especially support for various open source products is quite good.
Netbeans
NetBeans is a Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle in 2009) in 2000, founded the open source developers and customers for home communities, we aim to build a world-class Java IDE. NetBeans current can be developed on Solaris, Windows, Linux and Macintosh OS X platform, and used within SPL (Sun Public License) range.
1) Code Format:
IntelliJ IDE, Eclipse IDE and Java NetBeans IDE code format similar terms. These techniques can format the entire source file, selected portions of source files and user-specific code.
2) Find and Replace:
All three IDE support with sensitive Find and Replace feature options matching and regular expressions.
Eclipse contains a common dialog box for the realization of find and replace, this dialog is covered with the editor window.
IntelliJ has a special dialog window replacement and to achieve a rapid implementation looks for automatic pop-up bars at the top. IntelliJ design is very clever.
NetBeans using similar manner, but it is the bottom of the pop-up window automatically editor window.
3) code completion:
The IDE three have a similar code completion, while their design is the same. IntelliJ has a feature called "Hump (Camel Hump)", and its function is to find suitable text in the word list.
4) User tips:
Eclipse: like a light bulb icon will appear on the left side bar, left a bar with line numbers corresponding row. When the cursor is on the light bulb icon, explanatory text will pop up with a prompt action, while an entire column of solutions immediately on the show.
IntelliJ: using IntelliJ user needs on the prompt text columns security solutions manual clicks to get the user prompt.
NetBeans: When using NetBeans, the user needs to be prompted to provide possible solutions prompts on the document to scroll slider way to get users.
Macros
NetBeans: Netbeans support the macro editor and help. Users can move, rename, edit, and set up shortcuts. Fortunately, every two locations that the user can edit the shortcut macros, but users without setting the shortcut is not able to run the macro.
InelliJ: When using IntelliJ, users can record macros, edit and rename. You can not set a shortcut to the macro. Once the user has set up a macro name, the macro will be added automatically.
Eclipse: Eclipse IDE does not support macros feature.
5) Syntax Highlighting
All three IDE supports syntax highlighting. They allow the user to change the predefined color.
6) code navigation
Some characteristics of the navigator as follows:
◆ Structure View
◆ Filter
◆ Quick Find
◆ pop-up navigator
NetBeans IDE, Intellij and Eclipse support structure views, filters and quick search. And IntelliJ and NetBeans IDE does not support pop-up navigator features, but Eclipse support this feature.
7) Task Management:
Task management specific sub-sections as follows:
Task List ◆ activity (active) in the source file
◆ Sino-German project task list
◆ filter
◆ new task definition
Eclipse: it has a classic task view. It allows users to be classified according to the domain of the task, such as a description of available resources, path, location and priority. It supports project task list, filter and define new tasks.
NetBeans IDE: -NetBeans IDE and Eclipse have the same task management. But it does not support task priority. NetBeans IDE error can be displayed in different windows.
IntelliJ IDE: it has a task tree, the leaves of the tree is the task of the task, the node is a file. Moving from one task to another is a difficult and complex process. It has a default setting of TODO command.
8) reconstruction
Reconstruction of a particular sub-part of the following:
◆ Find Use
◆ Heavy naming
◆ Mobile
◆ Safely Remove
Eclipse IDE: Eclipse IDE supports find use, rename, and move characteristics. When a user intends to change or rename a method identifier will be set to the highlight, then the user can change the name of the corresponding method.
IntelliJ: IntelliJ support Find usage, rename, delete and move the safety features in the new user name, reconstruction, before the preview and delete button, a single view will be presented in front of the user.
NetBeans IDE: NetBeans support for all four functions (find usage, rename, move, delete, and security). Netbeans Preview similar design with Eclipse. But its preview window is displayed in the bottom of the screen, the programmer is not easy to view them.
9) automatic code generation:
Automatic code generation have two such portions which are
◆ constructor
◆ setter / obtainer (Getters)
the NetBeans the IDE: the NetBeans the IDE support functions and setter configured.
IntelliJ IDE: support functions and setter configured.
Eclipse: Eclipse also has a similar design, construction and support functions and setter, it also has several other capabilities, such as setting the insertion point, and further code can be generated at this point.