This article is a knowledge-based entrepreneurship in the preparation of this article for the white paper, simple, clear, ready for the entrepreneur, the company's management, or intends to enter management.
Internet more and more applications, followed by a demand for more and more, is now applied to simple, fresh, fast style, and brings these style design background is complex requirements.
Such as: we will find the time to go to the bank to do card, in other banks already have had, and will be displayed above the existing information, users do not need to fill in the secondary.
This test technician understanding of the needs, and if the art will appreciate that get in the most recent data other banks to do the card, but the data card may be a credit card instead of a debit card, there will be serious business logic problem, and this problem is difficult to test out the test, which may result in incalculable losses.
Today the Internet is considered a finer division of labor, but as a technician, at the time took a higher position, would require a more comprehensive knowledge of the system, it is not just their professional knowledge, but to the sector in which even other departments, the basics of every post operation process.
The point is said to earth, dry, dry technology to the CTO position, results of product manager at introducing product architecture, product manager could not understand what to say and when to recruit people to recruit people, how low cost.
Product Architecture
Strategic level: this product is the next goal or what to do, or what kind of products you want to become, as when we read we say we want to be a lawyer.
Such as: Tencent's WeChat establish strategic links between people is the micro believe this product can be found in micro-channel startup page is the face of a man in the earth, even the start page are reflected in this strategic information.
Range layer: how widespread this product is involved, where the boundaries?
Where is the user's boundaries? (Age, gender, etc.)
Where is the boundary in the market? (University, high school, junior high school)
……
Layer structure: This product is made that a few users, orders, products, business etc. ...
Framework layer: Product Framework (mind mapping), finer than the structural layer, the user what field, the name, phone number, shipping address, gender, age, etc. ...
Technical architecture, technical departments need at this time to do basic assessment, such as done live at the 2001, you can do it? At that time speeds allow it? Technology can do it?
Architecture database
……
Presentation Layer: The product is made out by giving, then go to reflect how this product is based on the mobile side mode or client mode?
With the card design is or what style it?
Main colors of products, what secondary color tone?
……
Examples
Now we have to design a product (Figure fancy ↑↑↑), and now this product is mainly to solve the existing Internet gamers are playing games PW or stand-alone game, finding partners and networking problems.
Give this product a name is called life, his comrades circle. (Theme color with red, black with secondary color)
Product Positioning: Link established between people.
User location: after 95, after 00.
Value Proposition: many games compatible platform, real-time voice platform, polymerization match analysis, monitoring algorithm to open the black, Raiders and other information ...
Market positioning: the popular game Vertical Markets
User portrait: go to school, young, live control, information party.
Made a product out, we always have to make money, be profitable, investors will not cast you, companies are ready to collapse, then the business model is kind of how?
Business model, this words sound very big, in fact, that white is how the formation of the routine type of money, rather than simply earn money only.
Such as: membership, membership is cheaper to buy props, launched only for half of the activity discount of twenty members, not a member, if you buy a prop is 50 dollars, 25 dollars to buy a membership, do not buy membership is 40, and members 15 yuan a month.
Introduce more like this in the future for the activities of its members, the other members of the role of special effects, etc., allowing users to generate vanity, and thus more willing to spend money.
Now the product business model does not get so complicated, and it simply, we think about their own specific routines, importantly, how and investors say, how you get others to believe in this business model is go through the .
Member, value-added services (network acceleration, etc.), advertising (advertising to promote the new game), game props store, mall and other gaming equipment ......
Now products have in mind, the next step is to let others how this platform to play games? How to let others know that this platform?
This time it involves the laying of the channel.
on-line:
The major download site (SEO, SEM)
Brush microblogging (large V), Baidu Post Bar, QQ group
Brush the public No.
Traffic diversion
Flow Replacement
Offline:
send flyer
Display stand placed
Storefront Cooperation (Internet Cooperation)
Strategy Associates: data flow, technology, users, etc. ... (eg: to fight a lot of relationship and Tencent, Tencent invested a lot of fight, Tencent micro letter to fight in a lot of drainage)
Policy environment, market size of these will not go into detail here, a lot of these articles Baidu, you can go and see.
Corporate and equity
basic concept
Companies and self-employed households differences:
Self-employed households without registering capital
Self-employed households is conducted by individuals
Self-employed households are unable to sign the contracts of foreign business license
Self-employed individuals are responsible by individuals
Preferential policies for small self-employed households, self-employed households because the risk is very low
Self-employed households is only apply for small-scale taxpayers, so I can not open value-added invoices
Self-employed households no statute
Companies need to have a registered capital
The company is run by people participation
Foreign companies can sign the contract (financial management, tax administration, debt management) to the business license
Credit and other aspects of the company is to take responsibility when the company filed for bankruptcy, all debt settlement liquidation (usually scale) in accordance with the registered capital of the company, rather than the actual amount of debt
Companies of various preferential policies, tax policies, subsidies
Articles of Association of the company is (important)
Shares, limited liability companies differences:
AG has openness
Unlimited number of shares Shareholders
AG decision is in accordance with the interest in the shares, voting rights, the right to vote
AG Monthly, quarterly and annual reports
AG access to financing: by the pricing of equity, to the public to raise funds, listed IPO
LLC privacy heavier
The number of limited liability company shareholders 50
Limited liability company interests and the amount of funding generally do not equal division
Limited liability company information to the public without the need to develop financial statements, etc., generally through internal meetings
Limited liability company may not raise funds, listed IPO to social development, is funded by the general way such as individual or partnership or agency
Registered company involved in some institutions: Trade and Industry Bureau, taxation, banking, labor bureau and other ...
Registered Notes: business scope, registered capital, bank accounts, engraving, capital verification, business licenses and so on ...
Enterprise division - Management
Small Business: mobile, general manager requires a certain degree of understanding of the industry organization.
Why is there a lot of large companies subsidiaries, more than a tax, earnings and other reasons, there is a reason for execution of the woods hours, a lion can quell, large woods, what birds are there, this time If you can find large animals live in 10 towns in different areas to control it, patients have surgery to attack.
There are some small businesses, it is one of several roles.
Medium: a strong test for the management, not easy to change.
When slowly from a small business grow into medium-sized enterprises, this time, the boss is not possible to take into account everything, not like before, when the management is the boss's eyes and hands, if management can not understand the boss developed strategic direction, as well as how to implement a lot of it off course.
Then companies are norms will fall, and companies generally will be converted into joint-stock companies.
Large enterprises: how executive power transfer layers in place.
As a large company, then the company's business may be all over the country or continent, and then, how to transfer executive power has become the most important thing, and this time not only to understand the management, but the problem of the distance how to establish a systematic monitoring and systematic transfer.
This large-scale enterprises, the general is characterized provinces, countries and continents and other features, in fact, subordinate branch enterprise architecture and small and medium-sized distinctive small, but large companies emphasized that monitoring and systematic transfer, it is generally It will set up various committees and other supervisory authorities.
Mainstream architecture design
One yuan architecture: the proportion of investment holdings in accordance with
Dual Construction: to make unequal distribution of rights and interests in accordance with the proportion of investment
4X4 shareholding structure: the founders, partners, investors, employees (option pool, dry stock)
Example: 100 shares
Founder: 40%
Partners: 20%
Investors: 30%
Employees: 10%
When World War Manpower, we will see China Vanke A shares and H shares of China Vanke, these words, many times we would be very strange, in the end what is the difference? What does it mean?
It simply speaking is a split structure, the structure is divided into A / B shares.
A shares - Chinese yuan
B shares - foreign currency
A 1 equity share: 10 votes
B equity shares 1: 1 vote
So why can see why a company can be listed in two places, this time the price of China Vanke A shares and H shares is not the same as the reason why the same is true.
VIE shareholding structure:
Distinguish between the various strands of
Free shares: dividends, does not participate in investment.
Equity: the same rights corresponding to the shares (but in practice is not equal), for example, the company has 100 shares, one share one vote, so when making big decisions, it is very important, but usually the company's founder will require investment part of the voting rights of all people to himself, specifically to see how the contract agreement.
Warrant Shares: the time agreed upon before trading in the market in order to benefit, also known as restricted stock, such as you as COO at a company, you assign 100 shares, but the company after the listing agreement is 3 years to sell on the market .
Shares: a sum of various concepts for equity, stocks and other dry description.
Partner system: charter agreement and the partnership agreement is greater than the market convention (legal provisions are neutral in the case of the two sides have not agreed), such as conventions, as investors need to assume the same responsibilities as corporate and avoid future ...... you know.
Note: the right to vote, the right to vote, one-vote veto, a veto is particularly important, in the example ofo you can see, a veto power.
Recruitment
Companies want to find the right people, doing the appropriate things, how to make it low cost?
Companies want to find a strong cattle join, but the strength of the ox will be missing people how to work it?
The strength of the cattle people pay more attention to the future development of enterprises, and enterprises can give something to itself, so many companies when looking for people to join the cattle, will give the corresponding option shares, the cattle and the company is bound boat.
Business start-up period, funding is very tight, how can low cost to hire people to do things?
And of course the ability to pay is matched on the market at this time is the best match of talent internship students, in 2018 the state announced a series of preferential policies for enterprises to recruit college students internship (subsidy).
Departmental responsibilities
Products Division: demand research, needs analysis, identifying needs, product architecture design, prototyping, PRD document, ditch UI design guide to help sort out business logic development.
Technical Department: Department confirmed at the time of product demand, technical intervention is necessary, the TNA this demand can not be done, there is no ability to do the assessment, carried out hardware and software architecture design (front-end, back-end storage) and technology selection, there must be a corresponding development plan for the development of the project.
Test department: functional level test, the test logic, the test pressure (pressure-measurement based on project requirements).
Operations: market research (demand, channels ...), market analysis (user distribution, advertising domain ...), the operational reporting (conversion rates, traffic, demographics, single volume, user costs, daily living, live month, retention ... ..), according to operational reporting and marketing together to discuss strategy, cooperate with each other to improve the conversion rate, and other new lead.
HR: logistics, enterprise system and enforcement supervisor who assist various departments (with application software, patents, corporate affairs ...).
risk control
Financial risk:
1, the companies signed a cooperation agreement the recovery of funds, enterprise funds to ensure an orderly return.
2, to maintain brand image and polished conducive to the rapid financing in the market.
3, staffing estimation model, the internal opening section of the source stream.
Operating costs:
1, the user incentives, allowing users to participate in the promotion reduce operating costs.
2, cost control mechanisms to avoid funds are not used wisely.
3, the establishment of the outsourcing project team, the establishment of a variety of profit model.
Churn:
1, the establishment of operational analysis model and indicators continue to make our products iterative forward.
2, according to operational reports, the implementation of integration, games and other activities to increase the interaction between users and enhance user stickiness.
3, cultivate habits of users in the use of the product continue to develop the user's habits, such as: transfer now, the first time think of micro-channel, Alipay, rather than bank App.
Malicious competition:
1, the establishment of incentives and good working environment, the backbone of the company's focus on training.
2, to ensure that employees of the company's identity and satisfaction increase. (Employees are willing to work overtime because of a good boss man, said to work overtime on weekends, usually it does not matter.)
3, do multiple backups of important data, design patents, technology and other patent applications on the value of the company assets to protect.
Economy: how much a person or business income, how many millions of people will inevitably pay.
Venture no virtue, pay the most moral, entrepreneurial Stud does it make sense?