day2
1. Process: daemon default, the program will start its own program process - a normal process;
most of the general process can directly call the system cal hardware resources, they need the help of library files, to run properly on your system;
not All the processes are able to call the system call directly to the direct use of hardware resources;
Windows: .dll-- libraries; Linux: .os-- library files
Linux: under shell-- the most common operating system interactively (bash, csh , ksh, zsh); sshd-- remote
graphics applications on Linux systems, is also a regular application (can not install) common graphics program: KDE, GNOME, XWindows;
2. Structure of the operating system:
hardware devices
|
Kernel
| (System Call) |
application library files
|
ordinary process (special: interactive shell (managers and systems))
3. The operating system development history :( Rosetta)
in order to achieve batch processing work: Bell Labs -GE General - MIT: Mutices
Bell Labs and MIT withdraw from the project, Bell Labs is a young scientist: Ken Thomson, space travel in order to run the game; - DPD-7 (DEC company)
based operating system DPD-7, and Ken developed his first Unix operating system (written in assembly language)
1973 Ken and his colleagues developed the C language (B improved language), to rewrite Unix in C language
later, Ken came to the University of California, Berkeley campus to teach --BSD
* Question: while sales and BSD Unix operating system, that copyright issues - for 10 years
|
Microsoft (because of US antitrust laws --ART & T company was split (Unix source code is provided free of charge))
|
IBM (AIX), SUN (SUNOS), HP (-unix ) --- this is the most common of the minicomputer market minicomputer operating system
1) around 1989, a Dutch university, the old professor to the students, do not want to buy the Unix operating system, then write their own minix operating system;
around the year 1991, linus-- developed a system based on the Linux operating system on minix ( "kernel", only the kernel);
2) around 1980, Richard Stallman, launched the GNU project, --- the open source
GNU / Linux
4. Kernel version of the problem with the GNU / Linux system
kernel version: Kernel
GNU / Linux version: Publisher Version: - Red Hat; - debian - Ubuntu
Common Publishers version: redhat-- charge a service fee, centos, fedore , openSUSE (Europe), debian (safety), Ubuntu, unicorn, red flag
The open source system
1) .GNU: GNU is Not Unix --GUN plan: the commercial version of the open source software program a plan;
--GPL agreement: the code of open source software defined if you are using the GNU project, so then you have all the code corresponding to be open source;
- loose GPL agreement
2) .bsd
3) .Apache: itself is a website started doing community; hadoop project after 2000, becoming the top-level project of the Apache project
Tips:
What is the operating system? Software platform (nexus)
major operating systems in different fields of application: PC, server, mobile devices, embedded
common desktop operating systems: Windows, Linux, MacOS
server operating systems: Linux, Windows Server
Linux kernel version is released to developers
Linux installation and command
1. Installation: Problem: Disabled (lenovo) BIOS
[blog: experimental errors screenshots, and ending method]
when lenovo computer to install CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal, pop-up "Intel VT when the virtual machine -X is disabled "
off, toggle hole computer, enter the BIOS interface,
under the advanced tab options: select Intel virtualization Technology, select: Enable
Finally, save and exit, turn, re-entering the VMs on it.
1) directly to the operating system installed on the hardware device, (the teacher is not recommended)
2) using the VMM management platform installed (virtual machine).
(VMM management platform: VMware workstations, Virtuabox)
choose the language - choose Keyboard - election time zone - to write the host name - define the root password (superuser) - disk partitioning:
3 partition must be divided into: / boot, swap, /
take a snapshot, if an error occurs, you can recover
Basic grid operator command: Command [Option] [parameter]
2. The commonly used basic commands:
Ls-- display menu
Pwd-- display the current path
Cd-- handover to the target directory
Touch-- modification timestamp
Stat atime access time; modify the contents of the file mtime time; ctime modify file attributes
Touch a.txt
Mkdir-- create folders
Rm-- delete (directory name plus plus *)
Clear-- clear screen = ctrl + L